QKI

| opo E. "ew, ROYAL, GARDENS, KEW. [e

BULLETIN

OF

— -

mms

MISCELLANEOUS. INFORMATION.

LONDON PRINTED FO E por R MAJESTY’S STA' dine OFFICE, YRE eid SPOTTISWOC iiid i TO THE QUEEN’S MOST addas MAJESTY.

And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE, Hast HARDING STREET, ip "cdam E.C., and 39, ABINGDON uu WESTMINSTER, S.W.; JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, briet kot, and 90, WES ua STREET, GLASGOW; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & m LIMITED, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.

re

1895. Price Three Shillings.

eo

|

CONTENTS.

Date. Article. Subject. Page. 1895. : ~~ January CCCGX X XH. pereeny. in Natal . - ʻ - 1 FS CCCCXXXIIT ids: 12 - - - 5 $ . OCCCXXXIV. Agriculture i in British Honduras - 9 ia CCCCXXX Gold Coast Botanie Station - ay 11 S CCCCXXXVI. | Decades Kowenses: 3 - el D e p CCXXXVII. | Miscellaneo otes - - -| 18 = February | CCCCXXXVIII. aeaa at the Gold Coast -| 21 -— - OCOC: X. | Decades Kewenses : XIII. - -r 98 — d i CCCCXL. ge ee Farms in the Bombay | 28 ncy. i CCCCXLI. storing onc ern Fruit ono fig - | 31 Ns CCCCXLII. New Orchids 33 » CCCCX LIII. ae Root abernanihe iege) v with | 37 : e... ; » » CCCCXLIV. | Siam | Sue TOTO c 98 i = 9c CCCCXLV. Maecllancous Notes - - SPW March : i CCCCXLVI. aes ek in South ele M pe. CCCCXLVII. cades Kew : XI r ot BR. vc » CCCCLXVII. Botanical fatvert -| 56 ee CCCUCXLIX. ea Cultivation = the pics asus 58 jj COGCL. accin feos ostaphylos as a Tea 61 Subst i 5 CCCCLI. Diagnose y ERR IV. - Mp m 5 CCCCLII. Miscellaneous Notes - - -| 75 = April and May| CCCCLIII. kui -eane Disease in Barbados -| 81 OCCA: T frii vs - 93 3 perimental Cultivation at Port | 99 Darw 5 CCCCLVII. Decades Kew: x cei - -F 108 ec m CCCCLVIII. | Miscellaneous Notes - | 120 June and July CCCCLIX. wed Sugar ree saccharinum) | 197 b CCCCLX. Anbury, Club-Root, or Finger and "Toe 129 (wi » CC Flora ‘of the Solomon Is Islands - - | 182 CCCCLXII Siam Gam (Gar — - | 139

" CCCCLXIX. » CCCCLXX. E CCCCLXXI. a CCCCLXXII. VEDI. CCCCLXXIH. September | CCCCLXXIV. » "d DODOLIXY. U 8957. . 3975.—1/96.

CCCCLXVIII.

Ipoh ce uale ee cel ede meme m Benzoin

of Com Disease a Poo "Plants in „Mits (Piper nigrum). Decades Kewen

Botanical Enterprise in British Central rica.

New Orchids : i š

Siam Benzoin Gentine - -

Miscellaneous - -

Tropicai Fodder rese E een - Diagnoses Africane : -

Wt. 308,

Appendix I. -

List of seeds of hardy NM plants

and of trees and shru New garden plants of the year 1894 -

eiii il Departments at home and ad.

abr

ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN

peed d

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

No. 97.] | JANUARY. [1895.

CCCCXXXIL—FORESTRY IN NATAL.

" iéidelition of a apt: from the Forst und Jagd Zeitung by S Dietrich Brandis, K.C.LE., F.R.S., formerly Inspector-General of die Indian Forest Department, is contr jbüted to Nature for January 3rd, by Mr. W. R. Fisher, B.A., Assistant Professor of Forestry at the Indian Civil opr care College at Cooper’s

lt gives a very mplete aceount of the position of forestry in this part of South Africa. “The Colony appears to have made a good start

to timber, and also to have established nurseries with the object of planting up waste lands in the neighbourhood of its principal towns. MEA me ce — of activity it has suddenly abandoned the

| enter] charge has relinquished his post, and the plants i in the "BENE sande ies were to be sold,

Forestry IN NATAL.

Natal lies between aes nal and 31° S. The clidigho: of the coast is almost tropical, owing to rm current from the equator. Mangrove : tropical Indian fruit

inland, and

' y az psc on L^ Wit sf by the Kathlamba or Lager a pic chain attaining altitudes which exceed 9600 feet, and wes M Natal from the Tr ansvaal, the Orange Free State, and Basut These mountains forn the eastern boundary of the high South African plateau, which is drained by the Orange River and its tributarie

Natal is is | scantily ppn containing 18,755 square miles, with 532,000 inhabitants, of whom 38,000 on nly ar are Europeans. Most of the latter are English who an by sea and founded Port Durban, but a few are descended from the Dutch Boers who eame from the west in 1838-42 and. founded Maritzburg. Natal has been an English colony since 1843, when the territory mus iy 3000 native rm

u 89€95. 1375.—2/95. Wt.4

2

but their numbers rose rapidly to 100,000 in 1845, and to 400,000 i

3. They are mostly Zulus in the north, and Kaflirs in the south of the Colony.

Much greater progress could have been made in Natal, in trade, agriculture, and manufactures if it had been connec roads and

this railway was extended to the Transvaal gold mines at Johannesberg. In 1880 a a railway was constructed from Durban to Maritzburg, but only recently has it been pushed further inland, and it now reaches the confines of the Colony. Its further extension to Johannesberg is most important for the future prosperity of Natal. About one and a half ears ago a railway was made from Ladysmith in Natal to Harrismith in the Orange State. Natal is at present short of funds, ang this may partly explain why, having made a good start in forest co ', the Colonial Government has not had the resolution to persevere 1 ‘in it.

as was trained at or service at the Cape De. A plo

Nanc aser for t = st Se í 1 in 1883. . Mr. Fo: urcade, of. the. forc Y è Natal for nine months in 1889, pe fae written Te yal r paper on the Natal forests, but he declined to quit the thie service permat- ently for that of Natal, and was succeeded in 1891 as chief forest officer there by Mr. Schöpflin, a Baden forest office

work he undertook of organising. a = est department in Natal was full of difficulty, especially as S ae revenues were not expected to coyer the expenditure for a number of years, Ir respectively of the continual clearan for the extension of agriculture, forest

fires, unregulated grazing, and wasteful timber felling have so exhausted the o Natai forests Rises the ey still. covered. ee brushwood. and forest are widely scattered over the country, and only a small. centage of aene is still State property. om the coast to altitudes of about 975 feet, with an average annual temperature of 67°-71°, the forest consists of numerous species belong- g to the tropical flora. ‘The woods are not more than 30-60 feet eet high, but something might be made of them, as several species yield valuable timber. a ately nearly all the coast forests are now private property. In a central zone ranging in altitude between 980 and 3450 feet, with an average annual “temperature of 59°-67° F., extensive tracts ares covered with so-called mimosa scrub, formed of several species of

undergrow wth. The acacias bear plenty. of seed, and young growth exists, but is continually being destroyed by the annual grass ML If If only p protection could be afforded to these forests against fire, as has e for the last 30 years in British India, € “could be worked aie ed with short rotations—24 years, according to Mr. Foure pA od probable that most of this area will be saad: fot p

esent area of the coast and acacia forests is estimated at —

196,000 acres ut State forest, and 1,645,000 acres in private hands. ^ 38 zone, from 3450 feet up to 9600 feet, with a temperate

: dide and an average annual temperature of 52°-59°, the most

valuable forests. are ‘situated, but they are. ‘scattered: over à diflicult mountainous regi xa ‘Of these forests, the State p acres, e in a tertitory assigned to e KE . inhal

ided that, in th

E mountai — the State sores ts. bar contain many species; Podocarpus 7 and P. elongata, both known as yellow-wood, t dig. np mmonest, and their wood resembles that of the Eure At present the. great cost of transport prevents the. profitable: ted of. yello wood. Amongst the remaining T the two most valuable trees T "ES wood (Ocotea: bullata); so named on. account of the bad odour of rum ‘wood, an Syene lauraceous qneciees i with Pe benupisnd.

at to d sneeze-wood, Pter- yl utile, an ally o of the horse-chestnut. These woods are also irn esteemed in ilie es Colony; optimis Kp. cart and waggon making, and can be worked at a profit even from t remote mountain forests. . Unfortunately these two species are oniy. sae here and

there in the forests, sind. tharad is no large supply of th aa year r 1891- i.e sale of wood ay the Natal Forest Depart: the: iture was. 1 partly...for

; owas. 1,94 eta lett ‘aad: partly fo r the — of the forests. ` Owing to the area of sarests av 'ailables a the remote: position :of-the. State

nea India this tree mena a height. of 107 feet.in. 19. years, and. yields 8696 ‘clibie feet per This enormous aa of 457 cubic feet per acre annually was qiie in latitude 1 11” N: atoan altitude o 7426 feet above sea-level. 5550 sono) In the higher latitude of ATA ina, os d i mà y^ Aramnbi i Liat 2 above sea-level, arid, according to. Mr, Fourcade,

i res Eucalyptus Globulus, longi foli lict, and rostrata give an even highet oe eld' near Maritzburg than at Arambi, Mr. Sehó pflin doubts whether this will be the panes: bus at, an "ap phe gum- FB will give a ues. vie anf if the w ‘oe sal ofthe a conside

-Timbe T dX ae, Natl: average: in ee 180,000 $ a year so enous forests are. small, much, b-divi d ay

erations. This

want.of funds, and the eri in the State nurseries, will t Besides Lucalypti, several Australian acacias su admin bly. iy i iy Natal, especially A: decurrens and mollissima ; their bark is. rich in tannin, anda plantation of 1,200-1,500 acres e these. trees has been started by a private company, -Near -the neighbouring, Teansyaal, gold- fields, Australian trees are being pnag a on A. enge: scale o. supply mine-props..

lon. ‘of rails, ib Natalie about 625. mijeoe and ‘the mountain, orests eoo a portion. eh Ai» Si re railway sleepers. .Xellow- wood must! be. kyanised, as been done-in the Cape Colony, . and

2 — kyanising e can easily M > eee bile in Natal, and. wood, from

A

4

gum-tree plantations ought to supply the balance of the sleepers required,

It is ie on that Natal cannot possibly prosper without a Forest

ment, and the Colony will have cause to regret having abandoned

the inion to form one, after such an excellent beginning has been made. The Government wished to retain Mr. Schópflin's services up to March 31, 1894, but would not undertake to employ him after that date. Under these circumstances, he was obliged to resign his appoint- ment last September, in order to return to the Baden forest service,

The following note was prepared for publieation in a Kew Report some years ago. The state of things described is not likely to have om bas e or to ms made some measure of forest conservation less

two kinds, light timber and ioe Mimosa, and

"The former sts of “ POP.

pacipally used for oe end io some extent for waggon-making, &e. It occupies * a belt of land about 30 miles in width, extending along, but about eight miles distant from the coast- line.” The ineberi is rds found on the mountain slopes, in the interior of the

E C Colonia i Timber Returns i in isis the area of forest emaria nisl ormerly a consid export of sawn timber to the SOS five Free § State xal a Piiriks, This had almost entirely ceased, and a large amount of timber for building S WAS Voas into the Colon A Commission appointed by the Natal Government te inquire generally into ex vesdions of the forests and weodlands of the Colony. This repo Ee: general drift of the evidence printed by the Commission points ive destruction of the forest. Thus, * Mr. James Ralfe eite that one-third of the wood has been destroyed sindo Tirat (20 yekis igo) BEW this part of the Colo a 4 us 11 * For many years after the ment of ion forest lands belonging to the city of Pietermariisbarg ed timber fit for m waggons, &e. About 20 years ago the spem dwindled down to only Maias “which the citizens had the right to rera icis upon payment of 1s. 6d. per waggon-load of probably two tons weight “ There being no attempt at conservation of any kind, a very few years sufficed for the entire destruction of the forest growth; and although nearly 20 years have passed away since under severe hibitory regulations, the situations occupied by the heavy timber have protected, scarcely any signs are present of the spontaneous return of the noble trees which the ‘intelligence of the municipality had not seen fit to protect." (p. 13.) . . * The evidence laid before the Commission respecting the condition of forests on private lands, points generally to the same reckless waste as in the forests on the Crown lands. Both the European owners and their native servants and tenants appear to have almost entirely dis- regarded all precautionary measures for the preservation ofthe timber and its economical application in the supply of Colonial necessities. Nor has it o toany of the numerous owners of forest lands to plant

out either indigenous trees, or trees of any kind, on the dotem of land that have in course of many years been denuded. The owners of forest” ds, desirous of in every wa le encouraging > than native

: y possib servants to reside on their lands, have avoided the imposition of restric-

tions be c»: be nice to their customs as regards freed and domesti They enjoyed the run of the forest for planting

d more c ath as the crops in a ii forest clearings were mo: or less safe from the trespass, during the night, of the landlord's tle. -

* The natives everywhere are viewed as the natural antagonists of the forests. In the construetion of each of their ordinary huts from 500 to 1000 saplings are required. In the palisading of their kraals for their cattle, "T proportion is even greater than that required for their huts.” (p.

The natives ^x creep slowly, it may be, but withal E —(— = the forests, destroying trees that may each contain timber to the of 50/., and be the growth of over two hundred years. This deseiaetion is effected simply by the native women removing the bark from a very short section of each tree, ns near the ground as may be convenient, and shortly thereafter, with a brushwood fire it is felled, crushing many a beautiful and promising sapling in its descent." (p.

In Newcastle county “fuel is abundant from fhe coal giat

19. S d nce as any permanent deterioration of the climate is conflicting. The ge énéral belief is that there has been a decrease in the rainfall. Rivers have become dry for lengthened periods, which how- ever does not imply necessarily a diminished rainfall. ‘The Commission recommended that the services of a forest officer should be — but the Government did not seem disposed to take any immediate action

OCCCXXXIIL—NEW ORCHIDS. DECADE 12.

oT ‘Cryptophoranthus minutus, Rolfe; planta minuta, caule pse v. subnullo, foliis orbicularibus apiculatis basi in brevem attenuatis, floribus breviter pedicellatis, bracteis ovatis rice sepalis puberulis in tubum oblongum connatis lateribus f tis petalis spathulatis, labello cordato - hastato | obtuso | denticulato bicarinato, columna clavata apice alata. _ HaB.—Not known. Folia 5 lin. longa, 2} lin. lata. Pedunculi 3 lin. longi. Bractee l lin. longe. Sepala 2} lin. longa; fenestre 1 lin. a Petala Labellum 14 lin. Columna 1

1 lin. lo Bec im d

aM minute species, which flowered with Mr. J. O'Brien i in Novettiber “1891. is far smaller than any other yet known in the genus, being little mr “half an inch high, and the flowers very large for the size of the plant. Their colour is deep maroon-purple. It seems most allied to C. punctatus, Rodr. (Gen. et Sp. Ore h. Nov., IL, p. , of which the dimensions are not given, but die colour of the flowers is very soe

ASH a We pner oblongifolius, Zo lfe ; caulibus teretibus folii brevioribus vaginis infundibulifor mi-tabulosis -striatis apice obliquis aeutis, foliis elliptico-oblongis subobtusis vir ridibus, peduneulis brevibus erectis, bracteis tubulosis apice obliquis neutis, floribus pendulis, ovario 9-angulato angulis subalatis, sepalo postico Janceolato- oblongo acuto leviter carinato lateralibus alato-carinatis, petalis quadrato- oblongis apice retusis apieulatis v. subtridentatis trinerviis, labello

breviter unguieulato sagittato-cordato acuto v. —n "— medio tubereulum c carnosum erectum ferente, columna chert

Has cA ides of South America.

Caules 14-2 pt longi. falio, b Dou. longa, 2-1 po Pedunculi $ po > Io ongi. Bra ong. E is iz E:

AE igs a; fenestre 4 fh ree Pe la 2 Ba.

Label 21 fi. Te Columna 1} lin. longa, . " wild specimen of this species was presented to Kew in August 1889, by Mr. J: Charlesworth, of Heaton, Bradford, who had collected it in some part of the Andes of South Ameri ica, noti precisely indicated. In Dod Wine a potion: was sent from Glasnevin E. Ao \.L:5., for determination, wh peppers ^ li belon ngs to the 2 smaller » the

310:

pm n ne le d 7 er o. E. es of t enger, d the. tubercle i the Jase: o "x lip She Ter developed. In other respects it agrees € with the dried specimen. | It is allied to ^e West Indian C. atropurpureus, Rolfe, but the flowers are structurally different, and veined with EE on 2 aint isle» geun.

HI CEEE eey Wy ty Toa FAT.

Mere brevissima biden Has.—Malaya.

Folia 3-4% poll. longa, 12-21 poll. lata. Scapus 6-8 poll. longus. Bractee 2—4 lin. longe. Pedicelli 5-6 lin. longi: ttem posticum lonant, llin. li ia 4 lin.

6 lin. : lon a, lj lin, bis. Petala This handsome Microstylis 5; tho d iso

floweréd In the collection of Sir Trevo or icc in May 1894.

leaves gd met identical with those of M. Scottit, Hook. fil.

Mag., t. 7268), for uu it was purchased, and no difference was

detected aem it flow The flowers, however, are many times

larger than. in that pag and very different in colour. The sepals and petals are light yellowish green, the lateral sepals being a little suffused with dull purple at the tip, and the large lip deep red-purple. The.leaves are light yellowish brown with an. irregulat marginal band of light "a It presumably grows with M. Scotti, of Nor a | there

num Mob xi

ge plants were imported. about a year ago, infe is some , V WA ‘about the precise locality. It is biy wever, to har come from Pulau Aar, a. small island just off the east oe m Johore. Iti is pee EL distinet. di e

114. Dendrobium inflatum, Rolfe; caulibus gracilibus taretibens sub- flexuosis, foliis oblongis diis: v: minute bidentatis, racemis termin- .paucifloris, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis - aentis, sepalo postico

obtuso, lateralibus triangulo-ovatis basi eum pede columnae

in mentum amplnm inflatum: obtusum extensis, petalis oblongis obtusis, hielo obortspathils te pinta Smaulate undulato eenias columna brevissima, Miami a guit “Han Tava” aitat] adye Y delb m »noide

-€

7

obulbi i.. Folia 9 lin. lon 21 lin. cemi ng a MU ongæ, Pedice 9-10 lin d Vogt Si sticu) $ fin, Jonguin, 21 lin. latum ; E 10 lin. longa, 4 lin. lata. etala 5 lin. longa, i$ lin, lata. Labellum. i lin. Poe. 6 lin, atam. Columna 2 lin. longa, Mentum, J lin. ongui F

Lin m L Horticulture Internationale, . Brussels, and. uut. án: establishment i in June 1894. Tt belongs to the section, Pedilonum, mi is allied to D. auroroseum, Rchb. f., which, however, is a larger plant AES with acute leaves and large differently coloured. a. die ae has relatively ad white flowers, with a the colt “blotch near

yellow the apex of the lip, > did Sfr e stain in" hertnpts.

115. Bulbophyllum disciflorum, Rolfe ; peendabuisis late ovoideis monophyllis, foliis lanceolato- -oblongis acutis Crasso-carnosis canaliculatis basi M À— scapis brevibus uni-paucifloris, floribus. magnis, sep subearnosis basi connatis oblongo-ovatis acutis ralibus ad medium connatis, vtl si sepalorum adnatis erectis linearibus acutis, labello oblongo obtuso . pls piosene verrueuloso basi late canaliculato lobis

parvis erectis apice subobtuso, columna subtereti apiculata dentibus obsoletis mento subhemispherico obtusissimo.

Has.—Laos, Siam.

Pseudobulbi € poll. ong pot 4-5 poll. longa, 12-13 lin. lata, . longa, 6-7 1 Petala 4 lin. longa, 2 lin. lata

Labellum 9 liu. longum, 4 lin. kr Cohimsi 4 lin, € — 5 lin. sd

A remarkable eme Quy wee oM il dte "Más „Lindé LHe Internationale, Brusse in their t in October asi liar in crete ze “base of the bomi aaia into a flat dise, +h the Ped are adnate at the base. Thus the petals the to arise from a broad disc, above which they stand quite parallel to other Ad about two lines distant from the column on either side. The is given in allusion to this character. 'The^ densely severed va small red-brown Eo on a red Laem er

minute Tee oues warts which. nearly o colour ; column light yellow with a green apic apic 116. A e whiteanum, Rolfe; i maté repenti oblongis tetragonis mo monophyllis foliis elliptico- i T dA or E erectis | laxis tectis apice nutantibus nae floribus capitato-congestis, bracteis lineari lanceolatis acutis concavis, sepalo postico ovato acuto ciliato lateralibus longe e attenuatis glabris, petalis oblongis subobtusis eiliatis trinerviis, labello recurvo oblongo acuto, columna brevissima dentibus brevibus.

Ha2,—Moluceas (?)

: _ Pseudobulbi 4-6 lin. longi. fw n gel jm, 5-7 lin. lata. Scapi i 8 poll, alti. Bractee 4-6 lin. longer. Pedicelli lj lin. longi. Sepalum posticum 3 M longam, lateral i$ poll longa. Petala llini longa.. "Eabellum 1 n. longum

As "a Cirrhajea Moo vaginatum, Lindl., but with pseudobulbs and leaves scarcely half as large as in that species, and the

8

pseudobulbs much closer together on the rhizome. It was received from Mr. J. O’Brien, with the information that it was found “ growing * on roots of Vanda stangeana, said to have come from the Moluccas.”

There seems to be a little doubt about the habitat. Vanda stangeana, Rchb. f., was described from a garden plant said to have l2 facri rted

from sa but little or nothing i is known about it beyon ae on description. The flowers of C. whiteanum are light ehem o a bright yellow lip.

117. Megaclinium imschootianum, Rolfe; pseudobulbis acute trigonis oblongis EEEO foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis, scapis foliis longioribus, rachi compressa lineari-oblonga crenulata inzquilater- ali, bracteis lanceolatis acutis reflexis, sepalo postico. lanceolato-oblongo apice ateralibus late ovatis apice acuminatissimis reflexis, petalis faleato-lanceolatis breviter acuminatis, labello recurvo carnoso lineari-oblongo obtuso infra medium margine serrulato, columna brevi latissime alato dentibus brevibus et latis.

Has.—Not known, but probably tropical Africa. uu reudobubi. 1$ Ps S CIR 8 mach 6 Ti € Folia 6 poll. longa, p poll. i 10: ll. lon n. lata. Bractee 3 lin. | ong. Pedicelli 1j poll. gi. Sepi um 5 li n MM 1 lin. latum; lateralia 4 lin. gti 2r tin lata. Puals 1$ lin. longa. Labellum 2 lin. longum.

This was received from M. A. Van Tmschoot, of Mont-St.-Amand, Gand, in July last. It is allied to Megaclinium oxypterum, Lindl., in which the flowers are much more crowded, and situated in the centre of the rachis, while in the present one they are in a line much nearer to the lower margin; besides being different in structure. The rachis is light green, with numerous minute black dots near the margin. The flowers are light yellowish green, with iis reflexed tips and margins of the sepals dusky brown and a few siilar spots near t the EL. à

y spotted and marbled with the same over, and the wings of the colit less. d brown.

118. Maxillaria sanguinea, Rolfe ; eauleseens, rhizomate valido vaginis imbricatis tectis, seudobulbis ellipsoideo 0-oblongis subcom-

pedunculatis, bracteis ovatis apiculatis, sepalis oblongis subobtusis, petalis lineari-oblongis versio labello subintegro oblongo obtuso callo lineari nitido, columna clava

Has.—Chiriqui, Central America.

Pseudobulbi 4-1 poll. longi. dens 10-15 poll. longa, 2 lin. lata. Mag ay 3-1 S longi. .Bractee 3 lin. longæ la 6-8 lin EX n. lata. Labellum 67 “Tin. longum, 3 lin. latum. Columna e lin. ‘lon A distinet "e very pretty species ep to the group Cawlescentes, ant allied to M. tenuifolia, Lindl. It was sent from the neighbourhood of. the Chiriq ui Lagoon, to Mr. J. O'Brien, with whom it flowered in April 1890. Plants were distributed to Kew, Glasnevin, and one or two — private collections, where they have since flowered. The sepals are dull | "s Teddich, brown -with yellow tips, the petals pale atl spotted - with red-brown, and the lip carmine or purp le-erimson;" swith a blackish purple crest.

9

119. Oncidium panduratum, Boe: pseudobulbis pe oe subcom- pressis, foliis lineari-oblongis subobtusis, scapis suberectis ramosis ramis brevibus multifloris, bracteis "esempi subaeutis, sepalis petalisque oblongis subacutis crispo-undulatis, labello pandurato lobis lateralibus parvi

depresso obscure triearinato verrucoso, columna brevi aptera. Has.—Columbia ; Millican.

Pseudebulbi 4 poll. longi, 2 poll. lati. Folia 10-12 poll. songs, a 12 po'l lata. Scapi 14-2 ped. longi. Bractee 3-4 lin. Pedicelli ps lin. longi. Sepala 7-8 lin. longa, 2} lin. lata. Penta 7-8 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata. Labellum figs mm longum, 3 lin. latum ; isthmus 13 lin. latus, Columna 1} lin. 1

A very distinct species, banus ri be: Ahi section Hymenoptera obisti. recalling O. anthocren , Rchb. f., but with smaller and more numerous flowers, and farther differing from every other species of the group in the shape of the lip. It ur collected by Mr. Albert Millican

| n 1891. A plant flowered in wm conection’ O Welbore S. "Ellis, Esa 3 ore ne, Dorking, in Oct last. The flowers are deep reddish brown, the ‘sepals being mas ael with yellow on “their upper parts, and the sma a lobes of the lip also yellow, while the larger isthmus is bright shining brown. The crest consists of three dwarf : fleshy parallel keels, which are slightly verrucose.

120. Sarcanthus auriculatus, Rolfe; foliis lineari-oblongis inæqua- liter bilobis, racemis gracilibus arcuatis multifloris, bracteis minutis triangulo-ovatis acutis, sepalis ellipticis obtusis patentibus, petalis incurvis concavis paullo minoribus ceteris similibus, labello trilobo lobis Mea mar auriculatis valde — minute — tis angulis internis

entem erectam produc termedio recurvo triangulaci-oblongo obtuse; disco levi, calcare m bla ein brevissima.

Has.—Not known.

Folia 23-64 poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata. Jéaéemi 1-1 ped. longi. Bractee 4 lin. longs. jon 8 3 lin. longi. Sepala. 4 lin. longa, 13-9 lin. lata. Petala 2 lin. longa, 13-13 lin. lata. Labelli lim 2 lin, longus, 2 lin. latus; calear 2 lin. en Columna 14 lin.

nga.

This was sent ku [YS J. Open) in Jane 1890, and. on two m J appear to be 3 ed spe jes ring same remarkable auriculate side lobe The Hower are very pale green or greenish white, with a purple line on each of the sepals and petals, and some purple marblings

QUU EET AS E IN BRITISH NDURAS.

In continüation of previous information on this subject (Kew Bulletin, 1894, p. 97), the following extract is taken from the Annual Report for 1893. (Colonial Reports, Annual, No. 116, 1894) on the

10

agricultural resources of British Honduras. lt is. noticed by- t Governor that a valuable impetus has been given to the cultivation fruit for export by the organisation of a new steamship company capitalists. Already, owing to this cause, increased spplications have been made for the purchase or lease of eue lands, and ^ heiter facilities are afforded for the Papi of Frgrialtud gpeosnodn i.

TORO. ee erg

E TIT

- principal cree of Se M. in addition to mahogany. and n, bananas, cocoanuts, and plantains,

Rat according to ved sema. cmm the quantity produced during

1893, and in the case o anas, cocoanuts, and plantains, the quantity

exported for the. sanie, period,. are.as follows: sugar, 1,190,920 lbs. ;

s; In tor maize, 47,607 ppasbele 5 bananas

ree ; e a E

. cannot, ho ; cons

quantity duce Under bananas, " gocoanuts, and plantains only the quantity exported ¡as no reliable figures coul obtained as to the a

as Pe ee Me a

estimate of the bunches of ba potiiis ders Ly. prodiit in the C or home consumption is a dgio of nearly 45000 6 Then i is a very considerable decrease in the quantity of bananas, cocoa- nuts, and pana exported i in 1893 as compared. withthe four previous ears, but this decrease is almost, entirely attributable to the disastrous effects of the rea of nie 6th of July, which, wrecked or. very seriously da nearly all the plantations in the southern districts of Stann Creek and Toledo. Conetdering the. geographical position. of British Honduras, Cohete of its soil, and the general salubrity of its climate, it is — number ofits agricultural products as articles of commerce is not greater than it is. By the establishment, through the efforts of his Excellency Sir Alfred Moloney, K:€:M.G.; im- of a Botanic. Station. at Belize attached to the grounds of. Gov House, an attempt has been made to ereate a nursery for the cultivation of plants of economic value of all kinds, But the condition of the soil in Belize and. the proximity of the station to the sea have Pora the present site to be not altogether suited for its purpose, and it is hoped to shortly transfer the Botanic Station to the Stann Creek district where a site of some 75 acres, admirably Tone for its purpose, has been generously placed at the ^E ier sal of the Government by the board of directors of the British Hond ad Bali? Even at Belize the Botanic Station has pr in of value, f for, from the experiments made there, and from experience gained “of the resources and capabilities of the Colony, it seems eat that thé following produets, in addition to those which have eady ag ar EM n be grown with advantage and with profitto turi castor-oil plant, coffee (Jiberica for the lowlands, arabica for t the highlands) ), rubber ( Castilloa elastica), Cola acuminata, cotton, grape: fruit, ground nut, henequen, jute, lemon, lime, nutmeg, imento, sa sapodilla, shaddock, tobacco, and vanilla. In addition to the above, the following kitehen-garden products, as they are Be Pai cine can be readily cultivated: artichoke (J erusalem), asparagus, beans of Sow aerate Sr ge rap , cauliflower,

“gourds, Indian kale, ee e: miel sa coche pa (ish and sweet), peas, spinach, an

in view the short-sighted» poliey of depending ono a Mire aot the staples for the Colony rae i i tà be hopied tat patei exhortation of -his s -Excellency ih e Governor that the future of British Honduras must depend on its ss aa development will be borne in mind, and that in time this ie i will become, what it is eminently fitted by its climate and fertility to be, t the. ieden Central America, THAE,

CCCCXXXV. —GOLD COAST BOTANIC STATION.

The e progress s made in establishing a Botanic Station at Aburi.on Gold Coast has been noticed in the Kew Bulletin. -The site is in "ue hills, at an elevation of about 1400 feet, overlooking the sea-board, near Accra and Pram Pram. In addition to its suitability ^ the growth of economie plants Aburi is a valuable sanatarium for European invalids.

Crowther very successfully carried out the object of his mission id gei em a hp ei repo nee Mi onte a p. PR siae he work of the Aburi_ td xcellent rop ca

à E: Las d Ue i complished in cal ise at the Go oast is “entirely aus to the Gor nO, his ire eucy Sir Wilton” Brandford Griffith, K.C.M.G. He has given

warm and consistent support to the station and personally chin in every way the efforts of the curator.

'The most recent information is contai tained in the follo owing spondence, In this an account is’ given | of a recent ` station by Mr. A.M. Ashmore, an officer of the Ceylon” Civil 1 Service, lately Acting-Colonial Secretary at the ‘Gold Coast :—

COLONIAL OFFICE v. B GaiivEne, Kivi, puo P" 34th I

Erf directed b y | Marquess wz ipon to transmit ee or your perusa oat and for an a you may have to offer, a despatch from the Governor of the Gold Const Colony, with its enclosure, respecting the Botanical isl at Aburi.

am, &c, i ; The Director, (Signed) ; AUR cma Royal Gardens, Kew. + tem

GOVERNOR or THE GoLD oes to COLONIAL. rri. | 2 Government House, Cape Coast Castle, My Ice», 20th Noveniterl 1894. Brine desirous .of -haying the: Botanical Statio: at Aburi ipo by. an officer of experience, towards the. end of ‘last month

12

I requested Mr. Ashmore, the Acting-Colonial Secretary, who has seen a good dead of the cultivation of coffee in Ceylon, to undertake this duty, and I have now the honour to forward, for your Lordship nation, a copy of his interesting report upon the Aburi plantation, and w suggest that Mr. Thiselton-Dyer, C.M.G; pen be allowed to EL. Mr. Ashmore's paper, as I think it would interest him to see what the former states with regard to an undertaking in "Which the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew bas always taken a strong and kindly interest, and the RO o: which - has done ag much to promosi

3. The coffee fas niant by Mr. chor has been sent for. I have, &e. € W. Branprorp GRIFFITH,

The Most Honourable Governor.

( Enclosure.) Rerorr by, = ÅCTING-COLONIAL SECRETARY on bie INSPECTION of . the BOTANICAL ION at ABURI

Dotted Tui Acera for Aburi, Sunday, 28th inten’, at 145 a.m. Arrived at Aburi, after walking up from the foot of the hill, between 4 and 5 d ‘he road up to Teimang from Christiansborg requires remaking

Vironghodt, From Teimang up the pass to Aburi it is well traced, and on the whole in good order. The portion Heth the village of Aburi is in very bad order and in great want of repai

The village of Aburi is ‘larger than I had ‘expected. It is full of ómai manne and is like a coast, not like a bush, village, in that it is constructed without any attempt at pin nm JE ate ea es men: are three streets in it. -

Mr. Kemp's house, which I passed and visited on my way ap, d is admirably situated on a fairly level open space, looking from the brow of the hill over the great plain towards Pram Pram. lt seems to be well construeted and simply arranged. Walls built of stone, good stone- built go-downs outside. Two very large rooms, I presume a school- room downstairs and a pirti yeni Found very pleasant quarters at Government House,

29th instant—In the morning weit round the grounds with Mr. Crowther. They are very well — c ser tac Besides English

vegetables and the flower garden there à ^. i. a considerable area of Liberian du ; a e ES

ii. a small area of Arabian coffee ; ms

iii. a litttle cacao of about a year old under plantata trees for hake ;

‘iv. i i Siahiderable area, some acres, of quite young cacao under the

same shade

v. some timaiderable ae under native products such as sweet : ia number uc Michuod. "feit trees, a little india-rubber, some

<- By far the largest area’ is the Liberian coffee, and it is a very healthy — —s cultivation. - It is in severat patches of iie. ages,

13

are crop. It is planted 1 12 x . The Arabian coffee is pe 8 x8 hd de been allowed 4 o grow up to 6 feet high. I think this is a mistake. All eultivated Arabian coffee previously seen by me has been topped at about the height of a man's waist, and I believe that it is understood to be height. I: looks Healthy, and is bearing crop, not much of which is, however, now left to gather.

he crop which is gathered is suceessfully cleaned by the most primitive method I have ever seen. is scraped witn a round stone in the hollow of a larger stone by hand, and then washed and dried in the s sun. It is obvious that it would be impossible to deal with any

from a year. -to nearl ly three years old. It all looks well, and the older irees c 12.

necessary to adopt some kind of machinery, and as there is no water power here, and as it is not desired to provide d machinery, I spoke to Mr. Crowther about a hand pulper. showed me a book of

subsequently agreed that a smaller one, A 1 think, 27/., would be large enough. en brought out it ought e ho oused; it will require, of course e, only a small building, an: this should be placed on the side of the great tank furthest from the house, in order that the

carried by hand. A cement-washing tank for the coffee of small size should lie below the ee € gerne or to the side of that a small cemented barbecue or drying

I pus this Verses poe he at once citer the fu the machine got out if possible in time for the coming crop. | construction of the she | and 1 barbecue must await jts arrival, as we cannot tell its

.. exact siz n though the present area of teria coffee is not

. nearly in fall Serine it is obviously impossible to deal with the cro op of 10 acres with a couple of stones. I have accordingly asked Mr. Crowther to prepare a requisition for the pulper so that it m may be forwarded at once, and a vote may be taken for it at the next meeting of Council.

While on the subject of coffee, I may state that the Arabian coffee so-called (it is no doubt the lécóteMiht of the Jamaica coffee - imported by the Basel Mission) is the smallest I have ever seen. Thisis —

De Lib because the. vie dpa is too low oa it, bein more Nen i

e Liberian xem It d been s on che seletion cei

ce fn the origi l importation — a been 40 y é gest berries should ys be cet for seed. "ME. "roster d is trying a ails S ot coffee erie Sara Leone, which he tells me grows very well at sea-level there, and fetches a goan price. I think it would be well to get fresh seed of the Ax 'abian |

ica. Again I thought, as I did on Mr. Batty’s plantation near Takva when visiting it early this er eee: that the cacao is the most promising of the cultivations. Eve ooked extraordinarily healthy, there

' den perhaps too dense, shade, but iti is sonra y inp that the plantain is a very exhausting crop and it is obvi that in the case of cacao, which requires rich soil, it is iosxpetin wo grow merely for shade an

14

xhausting tree, the fruit of which is practically valueless. I was thtteforo glad to see that Mr. Crowther is engaged in propagating another shade tree, the one usually used for the aan with which to replace his plantains.

- The other cultivations in are not yet of aidsi impor- tance. The rubber looks haere and the great difficulty of dealing with rubber, that of extracting the rubber in sufficient quantities to pay for the trouble without Jaaa the tree, is not yet a aee A solution r. Crowther has a good show of oranges, some of them excellent, and several the ta including that from Canary, of bananas, but none of them, not even the last named, satisfies a person who has

the many excellent "kinds of oranges and bananas which are common in thé East. ere is pu no — T at all. eee es uri. night

x D 3L : LICE in Aburi to get a plan of the garden ges en Hehi int to know th produee per acre of the different EC and. it will be important when it has progressed a little more to know the same of the

i» the, second place, something more might be done for the flower = same Are very syi got out by parcel post, and the only e here is very flou E aed A 8election of begonias and other ma quiteble for a tropical hill garden, might be asked for from Kew. Many kinds of cacti would flower in Aburi profusely... Anything that would come out cheap in the form of bulbs would help to sn a show. I think too, arrangements could be made for introdueing new varieties of fruit. The success, for instance, of the introduced Avocado Pear has been wonderful ; there must be many other such introductions possible ; new varieties of pine-apples, the Durian of the Straits, and some good angoes. The African mango is one of the most loathsome of - fruits: of the earth. There is pair of space at Aburi and no objec in extending any of the experimental cultivations now in pus farther tbh to show that they can be made economieally. Mo n:

had for

if not too closely placed. The fruit of both is capable of being utilised ; as much, indeed, as if they were planted for the fruit alone. For per- manent shade the case is vera A fairly lofty and Pg aes eo is then en necessary, su such as species of Erythrina used in T

entral America, the "Sáxd-Dot^ tree rs va "erepitans) and the Saman (Calliandra Saman):

Tn regard to the small-beaned Tal coffee found in West Africa, biu is remarkable as growing at low elevations, almost -2 es level.

mall sample received at Kew from the ue ae Station at Lagos eed "is ovember last at 94s. per cwt. The most generally cultiv ated ni EIN, MS elevations is ae the Liberian coffee,

DAES i10 96 ii Ced ai " » i ee oe 5 ee "s 4 3 p ge dut

t Henge estas Saye Meine) cea OaS s {eet 3 OAIN arc, "y

15

DECAS XII.

111. Ceanothus leucodermis, Æ: L. Greene © [Rhamnaees] ; fruticosus vel arborescens, ramis reetis crassiu is ramulisque divarieatis brevibus spinescentibus floriferis glabris ‘albo-glaucis, foliis

paucis: parvis brevissime petiolatis coriaceis ovalibus obtusiuseulis serratis vel serrato-dentatis supra glabratis subtus precipue in nervis pubescentibus, th subsessilibus umerosis elongatis anguetie; sub-

yrsis su

eylindraceis, floribus cceruleis.

-Habitat.—Califorhia: doubtless of the Coast Range, but special locality unknown. Collected many years since, by Lobb.

Folia 4-8 lin. longa, medio 3-5 lin. lata. i 14-21, poll. longi, diametro 4 poll. nudi i vix interru "eik

«There: are specimens fro Douglas MM jo oed to. c. divaricatus, which are per ese varieties ‘of the species here proposed ; but these are more leafy, the leaves thrice as large, more elongated in outline and with margins nearly entire; their flower-clusters shorter and set A are easily distinguishable from Nuttall’s C, divaricatus by their glabrous and white-glaucous a sso branchlets, an their viene and leafless inflorescence. The *. diparicatys, less divaricate than these in its branching, and NEREA idt well named, is still a rare shrub in the herbaria. Its branches and twigs are slende somewhat A prea and entirely devoid of bloom or any kind of pro

er-cl

are on distinct leaf. uncles. Tt

A sod Y — L is i spinescent EI

mpl a inimi. group of the gen On the contrary, its affinities | C. integerrimus. It should here bi explained that. the er revit of Douglas to. which I here refer are those from which Hooker and Arnott drew =á description of. C. divaricatus for the botany of oot s voyage; from. thi every to have been led as to the ipeum of Nuttall's species; so that at present boat..19 out o riu xtant under the

tive. The sheet of — typical of sg leucodermis Spes io b to be unique, an sites: communicetar: to the Kom: Herbarium by. Mr. V; : , 112. Staphyle a, Hemsl. [Sapindacée}; frutex Yt par i yori), pense vel cito glabrescens, foliis longe petiolatis ‘hola foliolis subcoriaceis lateralibus "subsessilibus terminali. longe meae omnibus oblongo-lanceolatis abrupte brevi- terque aeuminatis basi obtusis subtus pallidioribu: us obscure calloso- m uen reticnato-venoss wens prim ariis lateralil r 10, notis, capsula pyriform in triangulari abrupte: acuminata,

seminibus qubelligeoteeis griseis nitidis Habitat.—China: Nanto and mountains tó the northward, rovi f Hupéh, A. Henry, 3017 and 4536. E A

Sui

` Folia cum = pe "usque ad 6-poll. longa, petiolo communi 2-3- pollicari ; foliola 2-3 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata. Pedwnculi 2-3 poll. longi. Capitulis vm poll. longa.

16

113. Pyrus (§ Malus) Prattii, Hems/.[ Rosacex |; novellis appresse albo- pilosis cito glabrescentibus, ramulis fructiferis crassiusculis, foliis longe petiolatis chartaceis ovato-lanceolatis ovatis vel in nerd fere ellipticis acute acuminatis basi epum rotundatis interdum obliquis minute cre-

calloso glabrescentibus, venis primariis lateralibus utrinque circiter 10, venis ultimis minute reticulatis, floribus mediocribus subeorymbosis, corymbis multifloris ue Ken pedicellis gracilibus, UOS lobis crassis precipue intus albo-se acuminatis, petalis brevissime unguiculatis subcordi- pany EU late rotundatis conspicue venosis, filamentis deorsum leviter inerassatis parcissime puberulis, stylis 5 glabris, fructu parvo ovoideo punctato segmentis calycinis intus lanatis coronato.

Habitat.—China: chiefly near Tachienlu, at 9000-418, 500, province of pereat 4. E. Pn att, 93 and 824. a absque petiolo 3-4 poll longa ; petioli 2-1 poll. LM Pedicle oa poliitik Calycis lobi Pec Petala 4 longa. Prades 5-6 lin. longus.

114. Ophiocaulon Rowlandi, Baker [Cucurbitaceæ] ; sermentosus, glaber, cirrhis elongatis simplicibus, petiolo apice glandula magna unica prædito, foliis simplicibus membranaceis cordato-orbicularibus ee . palmato-lobati mu ris ad cirrhorum reductorum

ra produetis, calycis tubo brevi campanulato lobis oblongis maculis pua atro-brunneis decoratis, petalis calyci sequilongis, anthéris linearibus magnis, filamentis brevissimis.

Habitat.—Interior of Western Lagos, near Abbeokuta, Dr. Rowland. 14-2 poll. longa et lata. Pedicelli 5-6 lin. longi. Flores oti.

masculi 3-4 lin. longi.; feminei igno Nearly allied to the widely-spread Tropical African O. cissampeloides, Hook, fil.

115. Othonna disticha, N. Æ. Brown [Compositz-Senecionidem] ;

dasfibos vel ramis simplicibus apiee racemoso- vel corym elabris anguste bialatis dense foliatis, foliis distichis subereetis imbricatis ellipticis vel elliptieo-oblongis ‘obtusissimis sessilibus basi in alas cuneatim decurrentibus glabris subcarnosis peduneulis fere usque ad involucrum foliiferis monocephalis, capitulo discoideo 20-30-floro floribus centralibus vx involucri tubuloso- campanulati bracteis quinque uniseriatis basi liberis sed marginibus intertextis oblongis acutis vel obtusis ipio versus apicem leviter carinatis alternis late membranaceo-marginatis ciliatis, corolla 5-dentata

tubo gracili fauce ampliata glabra alba, stylis in omnibus floribus bifidis, achæniis fertilibus subteretibus validis dense tomentosis, pappi setis co. .

Habitat.—South. Africa : Transvaal, near Lydemburg, Atherstone ; Makwongwa Mountains, near Barberton, 4500 feet, April, Galpin, 902 ; no locality, Mrs. Saunders (Wood, 3915).

Folia 14-3 poll. lon nga, ow =1} poll lata. Pedunculi b p i d — a -3 poll. diam. Znvolucri bractew 4-3 poll. longe, 24 lin. late. Corolla 7 lin. longa. Achenia pot, eyy Pon

.

A very. distinet species, remarkable for the strictly distichovs arrangement ofthe leaves, and the zigzag wing formed by their decur- - rent bases on "I sides of the stem. The flowers are stated by

17

Othonna under mes of Lop ful coca Mee us to the conclusion that Othonnopsis should be reduced to Oth

116. Lactuca nana, Baker [Composita- -Cichoriacez]; perennis, radice crassa fusiformi, foliis radicalibus evanescentibus, caulibus brevissimis glabris dense cæs spitosis, 8, bracteis parvis ovatis, capitulis dense corymbosis, involuero oblongo bracteis interioribus 8 linearibus dorso glabris ex- terioribus Viu dies gti a achenio castaneo indistincte rostrato, pappo albo molli copioso.

` Habitat. afai of Western 25,9 Dr. Rowland. Namuli Makua eountry, East Tropical Africa, J. T. Las

Caulis 2-3- appoint pitoa EPEE Achenia 2 lin. longa. Pappus lin. longus

xx curious, dwarf, duira species belongs to the section Brachyrhampus, idi is allied to Z. goreensis, Schultz-Bip.

117. Episcia (Centrosolenia) densa, Wright [Gesneracex- -Cyrtan- dre»]; herba robusta, caule brevi purpureo minute pubescenti, foliis oblongis acuminatis basi rotundatis vel subacutis supra leviter pilosis subtus glabris purpureis, marginibus serrulatis, petiolis laminis dimidio brevioribus purpureis su pra planis subtus convexis, floribus pluribus in axillis foliorum congestis, calyce segmentis 5 postico libero reliquis

suffusa nibus 4 prope basin corolle insertis, antherarum bus ihmeen pal disco glandula postica magna ceteris omnino deficientibus, supero subgloboso apice piloso, stylo filiformi, stigmate capitato.

` Habitat. —British Guiana; River Masouria, Jenman, 2414.

Petiolus 4 poll. longus, lamina 8 es longa, 4 poll. lata. Calyx 10 lin. longus. Corolla m poil. long / s

Allied to Episcia erythropus, Book. fil, Bot. Mag. t. 6219, but differing in the corolla having shorter lobes and a longer spur. This plant has been in cultivation at Kew.

. Calathea cyclophora, Baker [Scitaminez-Marantezx ] ; acaulis, foliis longe petiolatis oblongis PE eh is glabris utrinque pallide viridibus concoloribus basi rotundatis, pedunculo brevi radicali, floribus Ne niveis in mem oblongam aggregatis, bracteis arcte imbricatis

IIR pallide nneis apice cuspidatis æ tubo elongato RM lobis "IIstnrtcobtopdis stami- nodiis ODE ves lobis zequilong Habitat —British Guiana: Esseq ibs: Appun, 252. Flowered at Kew Oct. 1894; received from the go ones Botanie Garden in 1890. Foliorum lamina 8-10 poll. longa, 4-4} poll. lata; petiolus laminze wquilongus. Scapus 2—4-polliearis. Spica 14-2-polli icaris, bracteis 9—12-lin. longis. Corolle tubus 12-15 lin. longus; lobi 4-5 lin. longi. Allied to C. emula, Kórnicke (F7. Bras. iii. pars. 3, t. 21), and the vel alien, C. zebrina, Lindl., but the flower is white and the leaves not at all variegated, so that it is not a striking species from a horticultural point of view. u 85695. B

18

9. Calathea Gardneri, Baker [Scitamines]; acaulis, scapo radicali sg gracili glabro, foliis longe petiolatis oblongis acutis chartaceis glabris basi cuneatis, floribus in spieam de ensam oblongam aggregatis, bracteis glabris chartaceis arcte imbricatis inferioribus orbicularibus obtusis fertilibus superioribus sterilibus oblongis acutis, flore ** ceruleo, corolla tubo bractee fertili aquilongo, staminodiis exterioribus parvis obovatis corolla lobis zequilongis.

Habitat —Brazil : province of Ceara, in woods near Crato, Gardner, 2031.

Scapus 8-12-polliearis. Lamina 6-10 poll. longs, medio 21-3 poll. ta. Spica 134-2 poll. longa, bracteis floriferis 8-9 Hn., siis vacuis 12-14 lin. longis. Staminodia exteriora 3—4 lin. long

This belongs to the small section Comose, in which a spike is crowned by a coma of sterile bracts, which are different from the fertile ones in shape and texture. It is near to the plant figured is C tata by Peterssen in * Flora siliensis" vol. iii. part 3, page 120. , tab. 33, but I do not think this is identical with the Peruvian C. c capitata, Lindi.

120. Aglaonema angustifolia, NV. Æ. Brown [Aroidee]; caule

erecto pitiisdiaen, foliis etiatn: cun longe vaginatis — €—

dilatatis. t is elongato-lineari- a ap

utrinque 4-6 supra impressis viridibus immaculatis, pedunculo quam petiolus breviore terminali pallide virenti, spatha parva ellipsoidea apiculata antice aperta albida, ice breviter stipitato e spatha — — cylindrico obtuso, ovariis subseriatis luteolis, stigmate ro depresso, slithenie saan. celia Settlements: Pangkore, Curtis, Scortechint. Caulis 3-3} lin. crassus. Foliorum petioli 14-2 Re longi, pas poll. longe, 4-1 poll late. edun culus 4-21 poll. longus.

Sparks 1-1} poll. longa, 5-7 in - diam. Spadix (stipes b lin. dius inclusus), 10 lin. 13 poil. lo

A very distinct species oily ri recognised by its long narrow The upper part of the stem is of a silvery grey, very sancti and shining as if polished when alive. The above description was made from a living plant sent to Kew by Mr. C. Curtis, Assistant Superintendent, Garden and Forest Department, Penang.

COCCXXXVIL—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

. Visitors during the year 1894.— The number of persons who visited the Royal Gardens m the year 1894 was 1,377,588. This shows a falling off as compared with 1893 of, in round numbers , 450,000, which is probably to be attributed to the marked difference in the summer of the two years. The total does not, however, differ appreciably from that for 1891, and does not depart very widely from 1,416, 887, the average for the preceding ten -year peri

The actual annual attendance of visitors at Kew now oscillates about a figure which prohebly nearly approaches a million and a half. And at this it is pethaps li EMT! 2 remain for some time with the existing means of access from Lond

19

The detailed numbers for 1894 are given below :—

S Mr Notit. Numbers. Month. Numbers. January - - - 18,184 Brought forward - | 785,009 February - - - 32,992 July ^ - 185,427 March - - 218,514 August - - - | .211,192 April - E E - 139,741 September - - 101,550 May - - š 229,161 October - - - 42,228 June - - - - 146,417 November - - 31,738 December - - - 20,444 Carried forward - 785,009 . ———-—— Total - - | 1,377,588

's Botanical Magazine.—This illustrated work, which reached the 107th year of its existence and its one hundred ‘and twentieth yell is, and long has been, a permanent record of a election of the

ornamental and useful plants flowering at Kew during the year. Fifty out of 60 of the figures cpm in last year's volume were drawn from plants that flowered at Kew

Hookers “Icones Plantarum."—The second part of the fourth volume of the current series of this publieation contains figures of a number of new tropical African Apocynacee ; a new “Jal Pilocarpus microphyllus ; Stenomeris borneensis, the third species of this somewhat anomalous genus ; Euphorbia Abbottii, a distinct species ieee E Aldabra in the Indian Ocean; Rhynchocalyz, a new genus of Lythrariec, and various other interesting plants.

Arenga Engleri, Becc.—This palm, described by Signor Beccari in Malesia, iii. p. 184, was discovered by the late Mr. R. Oldham in j has

gol toothed at the apex. The axis of eee and triangular at the apex, and more or less " -furfuraceous scales. The much- ludin spadices are borne amongst the leaves and are about a foot long. The fruit is subglobose, about 8 lines in diameter and 3-celled, bearing in euch cell a single seed, convex on the dorsal side, with an obt tuse angle on the ventral side and havin g on its the minute embryo is situated in the centre of the dorsal side. Mr. C. Ford, who has introduced the plant into the Hong Kong Botanic

for it, the whole country about Keelung in: scented with it in the seni of June.

20

Botany of the Pileomayo Expedition.—After considerable delay, an account has appeared (Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanieal Society of Edinburgh, xx. 1894, pp. 44-78) of the plants collected by Mr. J. Graham Kerr, naturalist to the unfortunate Argentine Expedi- tion of 1890-91, to the Rio Pilcomayo, in the Grand Chaco of South

localities names, and other particulars. Taken altogether it is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of an interesting flora.

entific Reports of Mr. Conway’s Karakoram Expedition.—These, together with maps on a large scale showing the route, have been issued a separate volume. The botany consists of a systematic list of the plants, with the localities and altitudes at WER they were collected. reported (Kew Bulletin, A 145) the collection of dried plants was presented by Mr. Conway to Kew. Only two were pre- viously undescribed ; but the list is valuable, first as giving a good idea of the flora of a glacial region, and secondly for the careful manner in e plants have been localised.

Koorders’ Malayan Plants.— Mr. S. H. Koorders, associated with Dr. Th. Valeton, has lately published an important contribution to our knowledge of the trees of Java , based on extensive investigations and collections made on the spot. The main part of the work is in the

age, but it also eontains Latin descriptions of all the species.

lt is issued under the Latin title of Additamenta ad Co ognitionem lore Javanice. Pars 1. Arbores. A good many new species are described, and pr nde the kindness of Dr. M. Treub, Director of the Bui arden, Ke as received a set of Koorders’ Lane os ‘ectheatially Siml specimens of many of these

Fiji.—4A collection of gen from Fiji has been received from Mr. D. Yeoward, Curator of the Botanical Station there. Besides native plants, the collection includes m iaf specimens of introduced plants. A species of Vavea has proved to be new, and a description of it has been drawn up for the Bulletin. It forms a large tree, with leaves nearly a foot long and clusters of numerous white flowers. One plant, called by the — Lntu Lutu ni Vicau, is an apparently undescribed species of

acaranga, remarkable for its very obliquely peltate lanceolate cm nearly 2 feet long.

ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

zig (qiue * poi mb tiati s | 5a 462 Lorine eG „JHO ament PARIS ES t nhs f ur nopeteater En eereidiononmvo 7 ! & RSS. f e " n = F- > T ma. s tet alo uto corn oT Dye PAN Do zeist o üaiw b! > caiishen m t

OF

MISCELLANEOUS. INFORMATION.

Wo.98.] — ^. FEBRUARY. [1895.

QCCCXXXVIIL—COFFEE CULTIVATION AT THE — GOLD COAST.

Coffee cultivation in West Africa is gradually extending. In the lowlands the plant chiefly cultivated is Coffea liberica ; but a small- berried form of Coffea arabica is also grown. The beans of this are vires small, but the produce when well cleaned has been valued as high

ewt. For the hills of the interior the best plant is undoubteily the robust C. arabica grown in the Blue Mountains of This has large ihe nettes e from the best

of in disease with

estates 140s. per owt. There is no danger trodueing _ this poter: Severa ee ra haye been started at the Gold Coast (Kew alna 1802, p. “at Aburi at the Botanic Station

have also been noticed (Rew Bulletin, 1895, p. 11). The followi correspondence communicated to Kew by the Secretary of State for the Colonies affords information of a coffee and cacao plantation of moderately large size in course of being established near Cape Coas Castle :—

COLONIAL OFFICE to ROYAL GARDENS, Krw. Colonial Office, — seni i Sin, 5 oe ik directed by the Secretary of State for the Coloniae smit to you, for your information, the accompanying extract Ton | the Governor of the Gold Coast Colony, with an aecount of Messrs. "Miller tN ll and Company’s coffee plantation at Kuby Kul, near Cape Coa

m,.&e. The Director, (Signed) yi Ue HE tite.” eem Gardens, Kew. ga (Énelosure. ties p i from Deria from the Governor of the Gold Coast, No. 14 of the 8th-January 1895.

An interesting account is given by Mr. Holmes of Messrs. Miller Brothers and Company's coffee plantation at’ Kuby Kul, which is about 10 miles inland from Cape Coast. About 150 acres have been cleared

a 85826. 1375.—2/95. Wt. 45. A

22

and planted with coffee and cacao, and the first yield was obtained in 1893. The actual cost of the plantation has been 2,4007., and with this modest expenditure the plantation will undoubtedly hah a very profit- able undertaking. 1 enclosé an extract of the portion of Mr. Holmes’s report which refers to the plantation, in case your Lordship should wish to send it to the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew

(Extraet.) Distriet Commissioner's Office Ca us Coast, October 13, 1894. *

I have visited Messrs. Milter Brother vid Company's plintaded at Kuby Kul twice during the guar uarter by the kind permission of their agent, Mr. Batty. The estate consists of a commodious house

and ayt sheds and about 450 acres. It is situated about 10 miles inland. The Cape Coast Sefwhi main road (which is now being con-

above the sea level. I first visited the plantation in 1892, when there on only about 20 acres planted with cacao and Liberian coffee ; the > part was covered with thick bush and forest: The plantation is only four years years -— the first planting from the nursery being in June as been increased year by year in areas of about 50 acres at a FUR ind the rearing of plants Mb — e proceeded as under :—

Falt No. a No. of Coffee Number Yield of Yield of ` į Plants reared. | Plants reared. planted. Cacao. Coffee. 1890 - 500 3,000 Planted out uu Sa 1891 - 1,500 3,000 ye — — 1892 - 2,000 15,000 $ — aiy 1893 -~ 2,500 3,000 ii 21 cwt 18 ewt. 1894 - 1,500 1,500 E Crop in progress of picking and curing. 8,000 25,500 25,500 — = Tn nursery 1,500 15,000 -— c a 9,500 40,500 -— ái — |

The coffee trees are planted. out 13 feet eie Mg but I think it — — found from experience that 10 feet s now cleared which remain b be planted. . ‘The valey bise been utilized for the cacao and th evite portions for ffee. At present there are roughly 150 ee fly p planted with trees which are of the followin ng respective ages, viz. :—

20 acres coffee, 4 years old.

cacao, vica acre of these trees were brought from Aburi Botanical Gardens.) 60 en 3 ayon ears old. id » 20 oy coffee, 2 " 15. .,, cacao, lj ». IU ois CI S d

23

The first crop from the older trees was picked in 1893. "This year about one-half the plantation is in bearing. The cacao shows signs of- bearing in its third year from “see, and the coffee two years from — of planti ng out from the nursery. Before the whole of the 150

will begin to yield a -fettrh three years must yet elapse.

pel cost of clearing forest, — out, and weeding for the first. four years is on an average of a 4l. per annum per aere. That is to say, an estate of 150 acres in A fourth year would represent 2,4007. capital spent on cultivation. This includes the cost of manage- ment and all expenses of labour, but not cost of plants or first cost of -— — after the fourth year it is reckored that the cost will fall to 37.,

n the se venth year to 27. This is accounted for by the s of ditur tree rv We sufficient shade to cover the whole of the ground, thus causing less weeding. It is now estetfated d that one man ean keep 3 acres clean, and the cost of that labour is about 9/. per head per annum. The weeds are well kept down throughout the estate, and the surface of the ground mn nod tilled by Krooboy and native

se of a hoe. Under such careful management insects

vigour, the young trees being in full bloom. Mr. Batty everywhere acts according to the maxim that what is worth doing is worth doing well.

Cacao-curing.—The beans are fermented for three days, then placed on shelves in the drying house for two days. After that are exposed to the sun direct for two or three weeks until thoroughly

Coffee-curing vu present the dry process is adopted, n when the yield increases the usual wet process will be used. ‘The berries are now placed on pat drying ground first, as they are picked from the trees and allowed to n there for a period of six x weeks, and when dry they are juideli in pere by hand till the husks and parchment come off.

(Signed) J. R. Hotmes, District Commissioner.

CCCCXXXIX.—DECADES KEWENSES.

PLANTARUM Novarum iN HERBARIO Horti REGII CONSERVATARUM;

DECAS XIII. This decade er of descriptions = new plants collected by Mr. aurice S. Evans, of Natal, during a trip made in July 1894 to the.

Drakensberg, for the purpose of exploring some caves formerly occupied x the Bushmen. The part of the Drakensberg Range where they were lies between Cathkin Peak and Giants Castle, at an elevation

of 6,000 to 9,000 feet above the sea, among the sources of Bush 's River. ‘This region is about the highest part of the Drakensberg.

and has — A e$ visited by or before, hence it was only to

be expected the collection should contain several novelties.

Practically duy “little of the Drakensberg has been explored botanically, A 2

24

andenone of it thoroughly, but from the collections made by various botanists whilst crossing the Range at various points, it is evident that it ey rich and varied Flora, and those plauts here deseribedi

re mostly very distinct in. character from any others: yet known. to:

iib in the different genera to which they Perhaps the most . SUME among them is the G Vna which adds a second to the LA E brings that genus within t lora.

E Sebea is remarkable for its creeping ste and perennial DN and is. well worthy of introduction into tration It is to be hoped that. Mr. Evans will, on. future occasions, bring to light many more of the teresting p Panis ap! ena flanhtie's.® hidden away in the nooks, of the.

Few wane os

121. Hermannia malv N. E. Brown [Sterculiuces]; ramis, elongatis decumbentibus vel Dheuttentibts pilis , ,stellatis asperatis, foliis petiolatis orbicularibus basi cordatis crenatis stellato-tomentosis' viridibus, earum is, floribus solitariis foliis oppositis, pedicellis

medio e ampleetante apice bifida. stellato-tomentosa,

entiipáanilads fere Atm medium acute quinquefido s stellato-tomeritoso et glanduloso, petali asi C5 extus basi stellato-pubescentibus, staminibus inclusis, filamentis planis” "supra medium bitubereulatis tubereulis pilosis, antheris acuminatis bifidis: marginibus ciliatis, ovario stellato-tomentoso, stylo elongato glabro.

Habitat.—Natal: on the Drakensberg, Bushman’s River, 6,000-7,000 ft. alt., growing among.dry grass, July, Evans, 55.

‘Caules 1-2 ped. longi, 3-1 lin. crassi. Foliorum petioli 2-7 lin. longi, lamin 3-11 lin. diam. Pedicelli 2-34 lin. longi. Bractee | lin. longs.

moms [xvm 14 lin. prog lobi 1} lin. longi. Petala 4 lin. longa, 1} lin. I |

This is quite antes s any other species in the genus; the leaves resemble those of Malva rotundifolia, L., but are smaller, and not at all lobed.

122. Helichrysum album, N. E. Brown [Composite] y foliis radi- calibus dense rosulatis obovatis vel rotundato-obovatis obtusis caulinis erectis elliptico-oblongis obtusis subamplexicaulibus concavis floccoso- lanatis, pedunculo gracili scapiformi monocephalo emet floccoso- lanato, capitulo magno multifloro, involucri bracteis lanceolatis a niveis basi rubro-purpureis nitidis bracteis radiantibus quam discu "w— Vrat receptaculo fimbriato-foveolato obscure denter

roll ta glabra, pappi setis deciduis sela Pese A r9 — glabris.

Habitat,—Natal : on the Ut aito at Busizosii s River Paise, near: the snow line, 1,000-8,000 ft., Evans, 48.

Folia radicalia. -14 pak v sect 4-8 lin.-lata, caulina 5—7.]in ont ae Jin, lata; P. -4 poll. longi. Capitula iid poll... diam. volucri imeem £8 in Lgs ICH i er Corolla temet longa.

25

7A dwarf: species; possibly of tufted habit, allied to Z7. m, DGy:and Hs: marginatum, DO: » From the: one- -headed forms orms of the taba; former it differs by its scape obtuse leaves, which are:more: densely rosulate, and the "glabrous A are From — by its much broader obovate leaves and. very different:

- 123. He elichrysum confertüm, N. E. Brown ;. ie tipi eatenus! ramosissimis, ramis. brevibus confertis. dense. albo-lana , foliis dense confertis parvis elliptico- vel oblongo-spathulatis obtusis "heit et late petiolatis canaliculatis dense albo-lanatis, capitulis plerumque 3-5 (raro

1—2) ad apices ramorum sessilibus circa 30-floris, involueri cam = ulati glabri bracteis adpressis exterioribus gradatim minoribus elliptico- oblongis: obtusis pallide brunneis interioribus oblongis obtusis albis opacis quam discus duplo longioribus subradiantibus, receptaculo parvo fimbrillato-denticulato, corolle 5-dentate dentibus extus ine lato- barbatis, pappi setis apice incrassatis Wsliris, ovariis papillatis

Habitat.—Natal : on the Drakensberg, near Bushman's River, 6,000 7,000 ft., Evans, 49.

- Folia cum petiolo 24-4} lin. longa, 2-3 lin. lata. Capitula 4-5 lin. diam. Znvolucri bractex exteriores 1-2 lin. longs, 3-1 lin. latze, interiores 3-4 lin. long», 3-14 lin. late. Corolla 11 lin. longa.

FM to it being Pom: Hook. fil., an sil New Zealand d species, It appears fo be a rf species of ‘compact nd with ee nii stom) i-r v^ ae havin; short, densely her al

wi h iod Maing f leaves. . yu Patan? that -it

124. Nestlera virgata, N. E. Brown omncm ; caulibus erectis gracilibus simplicibus vel ápice brevissime spidulis brunneis, foliis alternis fasciculatis linearibus reece - tis mucroziulatis ispidis, capitulis sessilibus pui elit solitariis. vel pluribus in ramulis brevibus lateralibus .yersus apicem caulium racemosis multifloris, involueri campanulati uated linearibus acuminatis scariosis brunneis glabris exterioribus gradatim et receptaculo epaleaceo foveolato, floribus- radii 18-22- uniseriatis : longio:

ri-oblongis

obtusis tridenticulatis supra luteis subtus is inferne:

"floribus disci vorrei 5-dentatis glandulosis Inteis, antheris

pi. us in:eupulam dentatam plus minusve.connatis, variis. radii. ag ern bos, disci glabris.

„Habitat Natal: on the. Drakensberg, 6000-7000 , $ alt, Ju, Evans,

-Caules . 7-16; poll, ale eG, 2-5 lin. „longa, d 5g vitula 7-8 Jin, diam, ucri_ bractex interiore3 3. o 1-$ lin. latae, .- Corolle » i pii. lin, longa, 1. lin, late, disci b m longa. Pappus lin. longus.

A well marked plant, quite unlike any other in the genus, and some- bling a #elhania in general appearance, but the receptacle is

i rt

5 * Bs

what res without pales.

26

9. Athrixia pinifolia, V. E. Brown Sa jane a — vem tribes erectis inferne basibus foliorum delapsorum plu vestitis, folis confertis inus adscendentibus Webigilie- linesribds acutis dorso convexis marginibus scabrido-ciliatis glabris, pedunculo

ca campanulati bracteis multiseriatis sublaxis lanceolatis vel subspathu ceolatis acutis apice plus minusve Sacs rvis scariosis brunneis e: viridibus glabris exterioribus gradatim minoribus, receptaculo plano nudo, floribus radii lineari-oblongis apice minute tridentatis involucrum excedentibus albis subtus purpureo-vittatis, floribus disci tubulosis superne ampliatis breviter 5-dentatis luteis glabris, pappi setis uniseriatis asperis, ovariis pubescentibus.

- Habitat.— Natal: on the n tà in the bed of the Bushman’s: River, among boulders, July, Evans, 5

-3 ped. altus. Folia 1-1} poll. longa, 1-1 lin. lata. Palinenl: 9-18 lin. longi. Capitula 9 lin. diam. IJnvolueri bracteæ interiores 4 lin. longe, 4 lin. late. Corolle radii 4 lin. longs, disci 2 lin. longs.

A very distinct species, with the habit of certain species of Relhania and Nestlera acerosa, Haw. bis sail si cipe

126. Printzia laxa, V. E. Brown [Composite]; ramis ilibus apice albo-tomentosis, foliis alternis petiolatis ellipticis vel “ampao ovatis acutis mucronulatis basi cuneato-acutis mar inibus mucronulato- dentatis supra viridibus sparsissime arachnoideis subtus albido-tomen- tosis, capitulis magnis solitariis terminalibus radiatis multifloris, involucri eampanulati bracteis 5-6-seriatis exterioribus gradatim minoribus lanceolatis MÀ apice pubescentibus ciliatis fuscisque, floribus radii

ineari-ligulatis apice tridentatis roseis vel roseo-purpureis, floribus disci tubolosis 5-dentatis, luteis, ovariis pubescentibus.

Habitat —Natal : on the Drakensberg, Bushman’s River, 6,000-7,000 feet alt., July, Evans, 53.

Foliorum petioli 2-4 lin. longi, laminz 1-3 poll. long, 9 lin.-14 poll. late. Capitula 12-14 lin. diam. Involucrum 5 lin. ongum. llc radii 7 lin. longe disci 3} lin. longe.

In habit and foliage this somewhat resembles P. Huttoni, but the involucre is very different.

127. Gymnopentzia pilifera, V. E. Brown MM semet EXE ramis subtetragonis erectis decussato-ramosis, ramulis brevibus cum foliis albopilosis demum glabris, foliis oppositis bad vaginal nistoscotmietti ad medium vel infra bilobis, lobis integris vel fureatis subteretibus sub- obtusis, capitulis parvis ad apicem ramorum dense corymbosis discoideis 40-70-floris breviter pedicellatis, involucri hemispherici bracteis nner adpressis lanceolatis acutis vel subacuminatis fusco-marginatis

receptaculo convexo nudo, floribus involucrum excedentibus eftecioribus tantum fertilibus, corolla tubo eylindrico apice abrupte ampliato quinquefido extus glanduloso-papilloso luteo, achzniis teretibus. 10-costulatis puberulis.

- Habitat.—Natal : on the Drakensberg, near Bushman’ Rives 800. 7,000 rt. alt., July, Evans, 51. 1

27

muli foliiferi et floriferi 9 lin.-1 poll. longi Mp ui din. longa, lobi T Ta. lati. Pedicelli 1-3 lin. longi. Capitula 21-34 . diam. Involucri bractee 1 lin. longe. Corolla 14 fin, longa. p.c $ lin. longa.

This differs from G. bifurcata, Benth., by its much shorter and race- mosely decussate flowering branchlets, the lobes of the leaves bei ng fre- quently forked, the long white silky hairs which laxly clothe the young shoots and leaves, the much shorter pedicels, more acute bracts of the involucre, and the corolla has a longer and more slender tube, and is much more abruptly dilated in the upper part than it is in G. bifurcata.

128. Gerbera parva, V. E. Bro [Composite] ; foliis parvis i ee late vere "Shon — "ulatis basi tcm

b l 2 pi osis, br

subulatis glabris, capitulis parvis rédisüs, involueri bracteis lineari- lanceolatis acuminatis a gradatim minoribus subglabris viridi- bus vel atropurpureo suffusis, floribus radii 1 uniseriatis involucrum

btus plus mi rp formibus eomiporito, floribu I 1 j pappi setis scabridis sibidis, o ovario Miror i

Habitat.—Natai: on the Drakensberg, near Bushman's River, in a damp place, 6,000—7,000 ft. alt., July, Evans, 5

Foliorum — i-1$ poll. longi, laminæ e lin. Sr sly 3-6 lin. late. Scapi i Tri poll. longi. Bractee 1 : lin. longs. Capitula 8 lin. diam. Znvolucri nl sabrina n. longz. Corolle radii 4 lin. longe, disci 24 lin. longz.

arked species, with flower heads elosely resembling those of Bellis poenio in size and appearance. Mr. Evans only found it in one place

129. Sebæa Evansii, V. E. Brown [Gentianex]; caulibus e repentibus “yadicantibus ramosis eespitoso-intertextis labris, foliis parvis petiolatis ovatis vel subreniformibus obtusis.vel subapiculatis basi cuneatis subcarnosis glabris, floribus terminalibus solitariis vei binis pediceliatis vel subsessilibus, calycis d quinquifidi lobis. lanceolato-oblongis acutis dorso carinatis glabris, corolla calycem duplo - excedenti lutea lobis tubo angusto longioribus spathulato-

ratis ob , staminibus 5 fauci corolle tubi insertis filamentis edentatis anthers linearibus sagittatis apice glanduliferis multo poem stylo elongato supra basin bituberculato, stigmate integro.

at.—Natal: on the Drakensberg, Bushman’s River, in damp

plac on flat rocks, 6,000-7,000 ft. alt., July, Evans 56; Ingeli Moun- tain in moist places, 6000 ft. alt., July, Tyson, 1378; without locality,

28

= Very distinct from all the other species of the hg by its ereeping d ‘which are rently perennial; they root at the nodes and interwoven iato dense masses, bearing hundreds of flowers

together, according to a note on Mr. Evans's label.

130. Nemesia albiflora, V. E. Brown | Scrophularines |; herbácea erecta viscoso-pilosa, foliis ovatis subobtusis dentatis basi rotundatis in petiolum abrupte cuneatim decurrentibus supr emis sessilibus, floribus axillaribus solitariis, cá tenuibus, sepalis vede vel lineari-oblongis acutis,

eorolle labiis zqualibus superiore pro -fido segmentis oblongis obtusis, inferiore integro obovato dbtcadngidit ctm bicalloso — bec o calcare lineari labiis breviore, capsula compressa oblonga ue i iare ari-emarginata, Neiliscbul late. alatis oblongis utrinque

inute tuberculatis.

Habitat.—Natal:on the Drakensberg, Bushman’s River, growing in old caves, 6,000—7,000 ft. alt, July, Evans, 58; without locality, Gerrard, 1,230. i

Planta 4-18 poll. ath Adi aen petioli 2-6 lin. longi, laminze 3-21 poll. longe, 4 lin.-13 poll. late. | Pedicelli 6-8 lin. longi. Sepala 14-2 lin. longa, 3-3 lin. lata. Corolle labia 3—4 lin. longa, calcar 2 lin. longum. Capsula 3-43 lin. longa, 24-3 lin. lata. Semina 1: Haodemgn; a sss lata. Allied to N. pubescens, Benth., but the flowers are largor, ius

a few violet veins (not yellow as in N. pubescens), and the c pete ger

and much more deeply emarginate. Possibly a plant eollseted t by Cooper (io. 623) in the district of Albany, Cape Colony, should be. referred here, but it is more glabrous, and the palate of the corolla appears to be yellow. I describe from Mr. Evans’s specimens,

CCCCXL.—AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY.

The annual report of the Department of Land Records and Agri culture, Bombay. Poseidon css for 1892-93, contains an aceóunt-of the Bhadgaon n Experimental Farm, which has lately beem sold -by Governs ment in favour of a new one which it- is proposed to. establish in the

Cullen, this: t

valuable instruction which may be obtained by the Government from

such an institution, and of the direct benefits which it confers on local culture. To ascertain the limits within which that agriculture. ls

susceptible of improvement is even more important than to prosecute.

experiments the ultimate success of which may be beyond the area of

wiati is — possible.

“Amongst other things accomplished at the farm is the value of the amid deal phasowel: earbon sota — attack in stored grain. This i wit A cl in 1879, and the corre-

Kew Bulletin, 1890, —

29°

SRE *9 "BHADGAON Farm. ath iii nines camel

i This, farm has just been: sold-for a satisfactory: sum; It I 1,156 acres., Of that area 812- acres were originally transferred from. Government waste for, the use: of eg ra and have been principally. used as grass and hay land. -The remainder was purchased from time to time from private, occupants, often at á high price, for in this area not only was the land. already. cleared de i cun aa but there were several wells which added to its value. It máy be» said. paapa — prion was ATTORI to 25 times the assosemené: on. the form and

o 40 times on. the, latter... Such:a- priee is à. proof, ue ain of the Ee sy value of m I of the improvement: made it during its: utilisation as à Government farm. Live and. dead. Mock fetched more than the fact hats Tio, à nd the standing crops, which under.a favourable season were unusu ally fine, nearly as large a figure as the gross value of the crop of the previous m though the purchaser bears the cost of harvest, and the risk of untimely rain and the li o buildings, the total Queso on new erection renovation, M repairs.

during the last 10 years to Rs. 12,8 The farm buildings, together Au the. diftus. p originally (1833) cost Rs. 5,000, sold for over Rs. 11,000, a fair price. The arm was purchased,

by a caipitaliet, who intends to work it as a farin. yr he may sub-let portions from time to time.

The reason why the farm was sold is, broadly pea Des its isolated inaccessible situation, but among other reasons were the failure of the Jámda Canal, the unhealthiness of the locality, and ae great dearth of

abour

The "dé iac are in part available for the acquisition of . ane for another farm in à more suitable locality, and for the. eia f farm buildings, and for stocking. In all probability the Dod will be ated in the neighbour rat.

Ås to the working of the farm in the year under report, I need only say that the kharif season was unfavourable; but the late erops were, partly on this account, good enough to show a profit, on the whole, of. Rs. 6 per acre of cro pped land, or ‘nearly as large a profit as that re on the average of the previous five years.

The ooh rae made were chiefly those which have been carriedo fora series of y They may best be deseribed in the TN ou. general remar ks hie, I think, show what use the pes has served. during the last d :

It has taught ~ fally the local € of cultivation, has in some

s shown that that system is e, and has given facts of

| value which could not iere ‘been otherwise obtained. We

have demonstrated the benefit of seleetion of seed, a point to which local cultivators were and are den but to which more attention has attracted, and it is not — to say that this is a lesson -- which will not be wholly forgotten

We have proved that it is useless to —— in implements, mà

we lee found a place for improved sugar-cane mills, for

oes, and, wiihin ay gs for the Miiadiptod of E

ploughs. e have introduced from abroad, as well as from other parts. ully grown some new varieties of staple crops, eig:

dl variety of. béjel from | Gujarat, reha from Broach and elses

where, new kinds of cena several varieties of wheat from various:

places, among which the M uzáffarnagar soft white has done very well,

and potatoes, the future of whieh i is hopeful.

30.

We have reete oni studied the merits and demerits of local and other cottons. It en proved that American long-stapled varieties, d not —- if sown at once as received from America, cde cceed weli if first acclimatised in 1 Dharwar, and that such cottons are needy useful on light land. Wehave of aceon pting to oust the local Varádi rarity b but have helped the cultivators by MÀ ah at uaa eae em s seed of this variety, improved by selectio the farm, rhein ier ipo freely purchased. We have kept alive tio Jari and Bani kindsof the Berárs. We have proved that the Government interference which was once recommended to restrict the growth of indigenous inferior staples, is c M— because the climatie conditions suit the short-stapled varieties best

Our continued trial of different wheats have PAPE that soft white

of consistency and colour. The trials have been sufficiently satisf: to warrant a distribution of soft white seed among cultivators in the Tápti valley. If soft white seed finds a better market than hard, it is

certain that it will = E aim and this may also be affirmed with regard to the long-stapled co

We have saved ui zem much by testing various exotics, often

highly recommended, on the farm before allowi wing the rayat to run the risk of experiments ‘doomed to failure. This was Ment the case i in respect to pedigree wheats ficni England and Australia

~ Our stock-rearing has been the least successful DES and has cost f ow

cannot be stall-reared with profit. The strain has its merits, and will leave its e in the neighbourhood. ‘We find that it is difficult to improve on the local breeds of sheep and goats. The Dumba of Sind soon deteriorates.

: In the difficult question of Vas diseases and insect attack we have proved the value of several specifies, in particular the sulphate of copper and carbolic acid ves for smut, and bi-sulphide of carbon for weevil attack in store

have tpm ated the unsoundness of the former encouragements given towards the growth of road-side trees in the midst of cultivation as a means of enlarging the aren of tree-growth, and shown the direction in which such encouragement is safe.

We have learnt much regarding the effect of manures on black soil. The deduction drawn is a confirmation of a widespread belief as to the reel character of x black lands, and that on such land

re tu a rabi crop does not pay either when the season is favourable or wien it is POET the faetors of rainfall or irrigation proving the more poten e have demonstrated clearly the immense value, in India, of natae green manuring, particularly with papilionaceous leguminous crops.

Lastly, aa farm has largely increased our knowledge as to the por rman ty of ae is systems and apeme practices, such as ensilage

and has given us several well-trained native agricultural exper who will be utilised in the future under more —

31

CCCCXLI.—STORING HOME-GROWN FRUIT.

A cheap and effective means for storing home-grown apples and pears would greatly increase the value and usefulness of these fruits. The elaborate an costly fruit-rooms attached to large country houses are beyond the reach of persons of moderate means or of small marke growers. A simple and practical means of storing fruit would raed ~ to be brought to market over longer periods, and to some extent obvi

the annual and wasteful glut which discourages i -— grower by reducing the price without giving much bene o the consumer.

In the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society (vol. xviii pp. 145-148), a description by Mr. George Bunyard of a fruit room devised by him is published with an illastration. It is 30 feet long by 12 feet wide, is capable of holding 300 kinds of fruits, and costs about 307.

Mr. Bunyard has been gcod enough to eÀ—MMÀ some further m Án of this fruit room to Kew. In view its simple con-

and general usefulness, it is — 9 that its merits should be more widely known. The following account is therefore reproduced. The illustration has been lent by the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society :—

PARTICULARS OF FRviT Room.

Foundation —First level the soil and dig out holes for the corners large enough to admit brick piers 14 by 14 inches, or stones about 1 foot square ; fix an iron rei in the centre to receive the corner = oma of the struct ome provision for air, sueh as air bricks, o aperture cavers outside xd dés with perforated sine, should be provided just

above the ground line. "d over 20 feet long an extra foundation should be put in at the half "n nee.

Main Posts.— Make these 6 feet long, 6 inches square, ahd prepare a hole in the foot to receive the dowel mentioned above; this will keep

32

the framework firm. The main ground plate should be 4} by 3, and the top plate of the same size ; support and steady ea in the usual way with quartering 43 by 3, and when fixed, choose a dry day to d be" or cold creosote the fovet plates and all the vba 2 feet e ground to protect from damp. The quartering should show an po outside face.

Outside Covering —The cheapest material will be $-in. matehboard,. —— it may 5 well be fixed on the rafters as well. ` Piteliboard 4p by 1 -—

rs 3 onds dem one side to the other should be 4} by 3; if stout any? a useful to hold planks, on which baskets can be placed overhead in roof. -To receive'the vertical thatch a side board is attached 6 inchés wide from the ground to roof, in which the thatch is placed upright, and it is kept in position by lateral splints of wood 3 by 1, shown in —— The thatch may be 18 inches thick on the roof and 6 inches at the ides, and where it can be procured, carex or reed is strongest and. most lasting, but it may be of wheat-straw or heather. The eaves should project a a good way to protect from damp.

Doors.—An inside and outside dion should be provided. They must be efe to fit closely = exclude draughts

Window to allow of an inspection of the fruit, windows of 21 oz. glass pcs and this saves the use of a candle at storing time, but taller shutters are provided to gon the place as dark as

ible. A fruit room is perhaps better without windows.

Ventilation is provided by an ope ning each end, 1 inch by 9 inches, a small. opening being left between the y My shutters which can be stopped by hay or moss in severe weather. The inside should be protected by perforated zinc, fine enough to keep out | poe and flies

es and Rats.—In order to. d 2 contents, a half-inch stout ld be fastened

Y

wire battu 8 to the matchboard outside so that an aes would be eae ‘This is advisable te keep out rats. — € ch te —— eadily fixed at he Bret

lengths of clean wheat straw, so shelves. In the centre of the fruit room we have a narrow table with a raised edge, made of three oet wide of matchboard, set on trestles ; this is useful for special so —Names.— Get a slip of ide 4inches long, turn up one end | inch, at an angle of 45, and then slit this angle three times and bend it so that it will hold a neat card; the other end can be slipped under tie straw. The fruit must never be wet when stored, and should be handled very carefully and laid singly on the shelves, but in the case of small apples (russets, &e,) they will keep well three or four thick. Carefully overs: m time to .time and remove rotten or spotted fruit, and keep the ; floor always damp.

se few hints will enable growers to keep late pears to March, and; «nie to 2: or —

AME Fa ^ ier ae

38

. OCCCXLIL—NEW ORCHIDS: DECADE13.. > 121: Pleurothallis parva, Rolfe; cuwspitosa, caulibus Epa gracilibus teretibus, foliis crassissimis earnosis linearibus obtusis — culatis basi convolutis, racemis brevibus circa 4-floris, bracteis lari-ovatis acutis basi tubulosis, sepalo lateralibus fere ad apicem souma. lineari oblongis acutis carinatis, petalis obovato-oblongis. subobtusis uninerviis, labello trilobo 1 lateralibus . parvis falcato-oblongis pu Vive fio oblongo bens apice crenulato, columna clavata.

Haz.—Brazil.

es 3-1 poll longi. iae 8-11 lin. longa, 13-12 lin diii

Races 6 lin. longi. Bractee 2 lin. longe. Pedicelh 3 foi T net

Sepala 2} lin. longa. Petal i 1 lin. longa. Labellum 1 tin. lon ngum, Columna 2 lin, longa.

A small species which. was found by Messrs.. F. Sander & Co. ina

clump of Cattleya harrisoniana, Batem,, having flowered in their

establishment in i RES of the present year.: It belongs to Lindley's

—À Brachystachye, and is allied to P. Xu schiana, Rc hile in s ans general abit it is comparable to P. souderana, Rchb. f The f ers are wholly deep yellow. No puel ue can be found

which ignes with it, and so small a plant might easily be overlooked, especially in this large genus, even in a region so comparatively well known.

122. Dendrobium robustum, Molfe; pseudobulbis erectis elon medio paullo i ncrassatis robustis, foliis eee oblique obtusis re , racemis AID rua s elongatis multifloris, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, sepalis lineari-oblongis subobtusis obscure undulatis apice recurvis, me nto conieo obtuso, petalis e spathulatis obtusis semi- tortilibus obscure undulatis, labello trilobo lobis lateralibus semioblongis obtusis intermedio oblongo obtuso crispo-undulato, disco subearnoso qu mm o earinis antice in lamellas 3 elevatas undulatas "set columna bre

Hasn.—New Guinea.

venne 2-21 ped. alti. Folia 5-6 ‘poll. longa, ha berg lata

Bractee 2-2} lin. longz. Pedicelli 8-10 lin. longi. la 8-9 lin. lese Petala 10 lin. longa. Labellum 9 lin “Tongans ^t li in. Mie Mentum 4 "^ sanis Pet 2 lin. erae j

fied: in: hei establishment in Fenway last. b is allied tó D. mirbelianum, Gaudich., which, however, has longer — se

s, and much larger bracts, Descriptions of t additions to this group have recently appeared, though dita padhas fit the present plant, which is consequently considered to be new. The flowers are yellowish green, with several light purple lines on the base of the sepals, a broader purple band on the lower half of the petals, and numerous radiating purple lines on the lip, which become slightly reticulated ont the front lobe. Tt is a robust growing plant.

128. Dendvebinin ve M M Rolfe ; pseudobulbis aggregatis formi-elongatis demum - sulentis vibus apice RE d n lanceolato- v. elliptico- blogs apice obliquis subobtusis, racemis

34

axillaribus bi-trifloris, bracteis brevissimis v. subobsoletis, ovariis tri- quetris, sepalis lanceolato-oblongis acutis carinatis, mento brevi obtuso, petalis elliptico-oblongis acutis, labello unquiculato trilobo Gasto velutino minute denticulato Shis lateralibus suborbicularibus intermedio latissime ovato, columna clava

Has.—Burmah, Shan Bites,

dfe ned 2-5 poll. longi. Folia 23—2$ poll. longa, 6-10 lin. lata.

c 1 poll. longi. Pedicelli 14-14 poll. longi. Sepala 1 pol longa, 3 fit: lata, Petala 10 lin. longa, 4i "lin: lata. Labellum 10 lin. longum, 7 lin. latum. Mentum 1 lin. longum. Columna 3 lin. longa.

A very distinct species, which was introduced by Messrs. Charles- worth & Co., Heaton, radioni early in 1894. It is evidently allied to

trigonopus, Rehb.f. Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 682, but differs in

the absence of iens s Si the lip, as well as in various structural

details. The flowers of D. velutinum are uniformly deep yellow, and the lip velutinous. por somewhat resemble those of D. cariniferum, Rchb. f., except in wanting the pw spuhdie mentum which characterises the section Formose. On the other hand, the strongiy

any of the yellow flowered species of section Ewdendrobium, so that the exact affinity of these two — as Reichenbach indicated for the original one, is "- doubtful.

124. Cirrhopetalum gence m olfe ; rhizomate repenti, iias bulbis tetragono-ovoideis monophyllis subdistantibus, foliis oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, scapis em e gracilibus 6-9 floris, floribus umbellatis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalo ie ovato- oblongo longe caudato ciliato, lateralibas angustis prope basin connatis longissime caudatis, petalis triangulari - lanceolatis eiodstis ciliatis la rec lateraliter compresso, columna brevissima dentibus brevibus obtusis.

Has.— Burmah ?

Pseudobulbi 8-9 lin. longi. Folia 24 _ longa, 6-7 lin Scapi 6-7 poll. longi. Bractee 4-1 lin. longs. Pedicel li T lin. longi. Sepalum posticum 3 lin. longum ; pea circiter sesquipolli- caria, Petala 2} lin. longa. Labellum 3 lin. longum. Columna 4 lin. longa.

A very distant species originally sent by T. R. Jarvis, Esq., Laurel Grove, Chelmsford, and afterwards by Mr. J. O’Brien, and Messrs. F. Horsman & Co. It belongs to the group with a ciliate dorsal sepal, but has no near ally among Indian species. The flowers are reddish purple, thus resem Cumingii, Lindl., in colour, while in shape they are compered with C. vaginatum, Lindl., both of which are very different in other respects. There is a doubt about the habitat ; one record being ^ India,” the other “ Burmah ?”

125. Cirrho um mysorense, Rolfe; rhizomate valido, pseudo- bulbis tetragono-ovoideis monophyllis distantibus, foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, scapis gracilibus 4—5-floris, floribus umbellatis braeteis ovato-oblengis subacutis, pedicellis gracilibus, pilo postico ovato-lanceolato subobtuso, lateralibus faleato- fiüéaribs subobtusis,

petalis pu sie perti ym trinerviis, labello oblongo reeurvo medio umna brevissima dentibus brevibus obtusis. -

"ms Tidi; ei oe Mysore.

35

Pseudobulbi 3-1 poll. longi. Folia 3i me longa, ME lin. lata. Scapi 3—4 a longi. Bractee 11-2 lin. longae. Pedi li 31-4 lin. longi epal M cama 4-5 Tin. longum, 12 lin. ipei: ; lateralia ‘6-7 lin. longa. Petala p "- longa, 14 lin. lata. Labellum 1} lin. longum. Column net Bae)

This species was Feo By Mr. James O’Brien, with whom it first flowered in September 1891, and afterwards in the ‘collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. It is allied to the Himalayan C. maculosum, Lindl., though different in numerous particulars, both of structure and colour. The flowers are nearly white, with the exception of the lip, which is purple.

126. Cirrhopetalum nodos Rolfe ; ipei valido nodis paullo incrassatis, E xeudotibis oblongis v. anguste ovato-o ongis monophyllis, foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, scapis brevibus 6-7 floris, floribus n ——MÀ bracteis lanceolatis acutis, sepalo postico ovato- oblongo acuto munutissime denticulato concavo, —— — attenuatis sabe utis, petalis ovatis subacutis margine e , labello reeurvo lineari-oblongo stolide, columna brevissima déa devil

tis.

Has. —South India, Nilghiri hills.

Pseudobulbi 13-2 poll. longi, 1-2} poll. phi: Folia 54 poll. longa, 8 lin. lata. Scapi 34 poll longi.. Bractee 2-2} = longs. Pedicelli 4- 41 lin. longi. Sepalu m posticum 4 lin. ^ ongum ; lateralia 12-14 lin. longa. Petala 14 lin. longa. Labellum 1} lin. longum. Columna 1 lin. lon nga.

A species first received from Mr. J. O ‘Brien in August 1892. It is allied to C. Macrei, Lindl., having the umbels slightly racemose, as in

that

cornutum, lindl. The habit is peculiar. The rhizomes are stout and

woody, and the pseudobulbs some distance apart ; the intervals showing

several ciim thickened nodes, in allusion to which the name is The rs are densely speckled with reddish brown on a

somewhat lighter ground.

127. Cirrhopetalum setiferum, Rolfe; rhizomate valida, pannid: bulbis oblongis v. ovoideo-oblongis monophyllis, foliis anguste oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, scapis gracilibus 4-6 floris, floribus umbellatis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalo postico ovato-oblongo con-

o eciliatis, carnoso lateraliter subcompresso, columna brevissima dentibus lineari- spathulatis apice obliquis acutis.

Has.—Himalaya.

Pseudobulbi 1 poll. longi, 1-2 poll. distantes. Folia 9-10 poll. longa, 1} poll. lata. Scapi 9-10 poll. longi. Bractee 24-3 lin. longs. Pedicelli 6-7 lin. longi. Sepalum posticum 5-6 lin. longum ; lateralia eee poi a am Petala 3} lin. longa. Labellum 2 lin. longum.

n. longa; dentes 1 lin. longi.

This rir sent by Mr. — O'Brien in i 1891, and a year later by Sir’ Trevor Lawrence. The former received it in a case of plants which contained Pholidota repens, Rolfe, and certain other novelties, together with one or two old species which indicate the

36

habitat as somewhere in or near Sikkim, .a point which has: qd been doubtful It has the habit of C. cornutum, leat:

siderably i snlareed, and with the addition of longs sl

ips of the petals and dorsal Pope and very. remarkable. Rate on ine The set» indicate an approach to C. Tiri Lodd, the next species, though in other respects it is very different

128. Celogyne lamellata, Rolfe ; seapo e Crecitl 9-3.loro, brecitis imis àcutis deciduis, ovariis hexapteris, sepalis diblopgesianceolatts acutis carinatis concavis, petalis linearibus acutis, labello trilobo lobis lateralibus semioblongis apice rotundatis intermedio ovato

ubacuto, disco 9-lamellato lamellis corrugato-undulatis, columna clavata aptera CO M Hess:

| Brac dicel 1 poll. lon Sepala 11 poll. ong "681 qi fa. PA Petala y oll. lon Tar in i abetan Y pol longum, 11 lin. latum. umna 10 lin. lon

A distinet Calogyne, sent by Messrs. F. Sander á Co. in August last with the information that it was received from a gentleman whose name and address have been unfortunately mislaid. Tt is the second species known from the New Hebrides, the earlier one ne being C. AM" Donaldi,

. Muell. and Krünzl. in Ester. Bot. Zeitschr. peal p. 209, which ‘is obviously allied to the present one, ‘sepa bed ‘as keeled, the keels of the lip. i five, the sepals: and pe some dusky spots, and the lip yellowish flesh foliis "phe p m species has the sepals, petals, and column uniformly pale riish- | green and the lip white. Almost the whole lip is corrugated. ‘The lower half of the front lobe bears five strongly corrugated ‘keels; which extend to the base of the lip, while along the side lobes four additional ones extend, two on either side. The next two pairs of nerves on either hand also bear a number of tubercle-like swellings.

129. Maxillaria mooreana, Rolfe; pseudobulbis oblongis mono- phyllis, fotiis lanceolato-oblongis acutis, pedunculis brevi ibus vaginis laxis acutis subimbrieatis, bracteis spathaceis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, sepalo postico elliptico- oblongo acuto subcarinato subconeav zi eig triangulo-ovatis subobtusis, mento conico obtuso, pet lliptico- lanceolatis acutis, labello integro e Bption-oblongo, obtuso imd dense farinaceo, callo late oblongo obtuso, columna clavata

Hazs.— Guatemala.

Pseudodulbi 14 poll. longi. ned 8-10 poll. longa, 11-20 lin. lata. Pedunculi 4 4 poll. longi. Bractee dE lon ae Sepalu m D

i rum, 54 lin. latum; lateralia 6} lin. lata. Petala 9 lin. longa, 4 lin. lata, Labellum 6 lin. Papi 3 lin. Acne Mentum 6 lin. longum. Columna 5 lin. longa.

A pretty species belonging to the same group as M. pilinisi and approaching M. Hiibschii, Rehb., f., which has od flowers, with

broa

duced by. Messrs. F. Sander -& Co., and flowered in their establishment

in April 1891, when it was. named, though the description has not

The a s ;. published. It has. since been received from Gl in.

The flowers are cream-coloured, with. seven maroon- purple stripes on ach | eta Sur de: at She. genios à densely farinaceous lip, n

37

130. Angrecum Smithii, Rolfe; aphyllüm, radicibus fasciculatis gracilibus subteretibus subflexuosis osis pallide viridibus, caule brevissimo, racemis gracilibus brevibus 8-12-floris, braeteis lanéeolato-oblongis

rvis, sepalis petalisque lineari-lanceolatis acutis suberectis, labello liueari-lanceolato acuto suberecto, calcare recurvo-patenti conico,

columna brevissima, pollinarii stipite simplice. Has.—Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Radices 4-6 lin. longe. Racemi 1 poll. longi. BibHob 1 lin. longer. Pedicelli } lin. longi. Sepala et grito llin.longa. Labellum | Hn. longum ; calear vix 1 lin. lo ongum

A minute leafless species sent to Kew by Consul C. S. Smith, of the Kilimanjaro UL Commission. It flowered early in 1894, bum

again during the present year. It was found te on the branch with Minim bilobum, var. !Kirkit: It is like a vitatis edition of .4. guyonianum, Rchb., £, but differs in Miti roots only half as thick, racemes several times shorter, and distinctly smaller flowers. As the latter species has recently been referred to Mystacidium it seems advisable to point out that, like the present one, it has only a single stipes tothe Wer wi certainly does not belong tothat genus, It has also been transferr E which, however, has only the leafless habit to 255 dieit, and even that is mE for leaves re sometimes developed, though they ES away early. It has seven published synonyms Sage iie globulosum and M. Smee and unz, are not only synonymous but originally b on hh same number), and as at least half of them have arisen rod pure misconception jt seems desirable to append these remarks, otherwise the present species might also be transferred to Mystacidium.

CCCCXLIII.—IBOGA ROOT. (Tabernanthe Iboga, Baill.)

With plate. The san FA a plant known as Iboga in the Gaboon and Bocca on ue Congo, s tonic properties, and in large doses are said to stimu- te the ere re Up to quite recently the only inf 0 ontained in the Catalogu ip Produits des Colonies aris Exhibition, 1867, p. 108. Specimens were

exhibited ith the Towing note by M. Griffon du Bellay : “ Gabon, Tabernemontana (Sp. ?). Iboga des gabonnais. Les E toniques, à haute dose, sont un excitant du systéme nerveu A note based a this is also to be found in Moloney’s Forestry of West Africa, p. 3 M some specimens of the roots and twigs were communicated to ew by Dr. Hugo Müller, F.R.S. who stated “the roots called Bocca are used and much valued on the lower Congo as a e" The plant according to Baillon, who first identified it, is known at a z as Iboga, but it has other uu names. It is the Aboua of the penne and Obouété of the Gabo Recently a figure and description were rgüblished 4 in Zooker's Icones Pantari [4th Series], tab. 2337. It belongs to the natural order u 85826. B

38

[6n ac Tabernanthe Iboga, Baill. ian Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, 782); was collected by Mann in the Gaboon (No. 943), and by

Welwitsch i in Angola (No. 5950). - Professor Oliver who drew up the deseription in the Zcones adds “ first discriminated by Dr. Baillon; but its position left doubtful though oi points of contact with

montana and other groups of Apocynacee, were vee indicated by him. Were it not for the i consolidation of the carpels. would hardly hesitate to merge it in Tabernemontana pe du. It is described as having a large bitter root, eaten by the Gaboon people. ‘Ts la diseni enivrante, aphrodisiaque, et avec elle ils prétendent qu'on n'éprove aueun besoin de sommeil! Dr. Baillon in his Hist. de Plantes, X. 170, says the Voie of the Gaboon is a * plante médicamenteuse des plus remarquab

"This is uie all that is known of the plant at present. Further material is kindly being sought for by Dr. Hugo Müller. When this arrives it may be possible to investigate the medicinal properties of the plant more fully.

iia REFERENCE TO Prate. cine: ‘Tabernanthe Iboga, Ball |. mera "Bud. g DE Coane mid open: "4. An-

her. 5. Pistil. -6. Trai -7. Same near A enlarged. CCCCXLIV.--SIAM PLANTS. Mr. F. H. Smiles a gentleman attached to the Royal Survey Department of Siam, has presented a small collection of dried plants

made by himself in the mountains of th the interior of the northern part of that country. The specimens are not all that could be desired, this being Mr. Smiles's first essay in collecting and drying plants, undertaken without any previous instruction ; but they inelude several interesting novelties MÀ represented for description. mark- oe ate other things is a new genus of Scitaminee of quite an

T ( Ribiaceat “differing from those previously known in its small dimen- sions, exceeding slenderness, and one- flowered stems. Mr. Smiles left England agai iam i

if circumstances permit of making further botanical collection Judging from what is known a the countries to the north, there mist bé a very rich flora in Upper Si

The new genus of epost which is now deseribed is remarkable in several particulars, but more especially in having unisexual flowers, and in the absence of a labellum and of staminodia of any kind what-

soever, e specimens consist of two slender stems, six to nine inches — naked below, as if pulled away from a tuberous aie and

Foo mc e ' in its axil. There are. about or ees soos globular spikelets about half-an-inch in diameter in each

Wyman & Sons, Ù", Lith, 6653.11.94.

Tabernanthe lboga, Baill

39

inflorescence, borne on slender stalks, springing from the axils of rela-

ees large bracis. From the note accompanyin i! T

would appear that the bracts and bracteoles are of à dark purple red, the very small flowers yellow ; but- Mr. Paien not —

Achilus, Hemsl. Lili cán a edil genus novum].— Flores n minuti, in axillis bracteolarum solitarii, unisexuales, ut videtur, vere monoici. Flores d$ : Calyx cylindrico-tubulosus, obseure triloba- tus. Corolla calycem dimidio superans, alte trilobata, ae dcr oblongis obtusis. Brae eal nulla, amen

producto ptores Flores 9 : Calyx tubulosus, cylindricus, brevissime 3-lobatus. orolla cylindrica, calycem paullo superans, eti am. obscure trilobata. Staminodia nulla. St lodia 2, filiformia.

filiformis. Frutos ignotus. erba nana, annua, gracilis, iets simplicibus. Folia graminoidea. nflorescentia terminalis, nutans, e spicis paucis densis distantibus graciliter pedunculatis sistens et bracteis amplis coloratis ornata. Flores bracteolis distichis arcte complicatis etiam coloratis fere occulti, inferiores 9? , supremus vel superiores 4 .

Achilus siamensis, Hems/.; puberula caulibus. 2-3 foliatis, foliis distiehis longe vaginantibus, vaginis Son, Meis Aie transversim breviter ligulatis, lamina lineari-lanceolat. tissima atque vagina

multinervia, supra vix hispidula, bracteis aie, enn ovali-oblongis longitudinaliter venosis, venis prope marginem. connexis, is, rotundat q m longis, [ luneuli p l li , floribus portis, ovario diri

Habitat.—Siam : open T on Mount Putsum, near Nam Kawng, at about 2,000 feet, F. H. Smiles

Caules 6-9 ye ue vete absque vagina 11—2 poll. longa. Znflo- rescentia, 11-2 actee, 6-9 lin longe. “Brac teo exteriores obit pti vineites 3 lin. diametro. Flores, 3-4 lin. longi.

CCCOXLV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

News has been received of the death, on January 11th, of Mr. Jor GRAY, Cátator of the cip Station at Castries, St. Tidi: i Mr. Gray was about 60 years of aze wide experience in Engli ish patted g. Heco

swamp at Castries into a beautiful garden, and started the cultivation of numerous plants in the island. Latterly his health had suffered fi recurring attacks of fever. The following note is taken from the Voice of St. Lucia for Tate 17th, 1895 :—

“It is our painful duty to report the death of Mr. S Gray, Curator of the Botanical Station at Castries. Mr. G e to St. Lucia in 1886, on the d of Mt. Morris, ^ ui: Rieibtant Director of Kew Gardens, who has always taken a very kéen interest in this, and, indeed, in all West Indian colonies. Mr. Gray had been for

40

many years head gardener to Earl Brownlow. He went thence, at the instance of Colonel Talbot, to his estate, Worthy Park, Jamaica, to con- duct some ne cultivation which he was anxious to promote. There Mr. ra — ed good experience in the cultivation of tropical industrial p will be — remembered in connexion with the exhibit of. r mei extracted by him from West Indian flowers— a marked feature of the Jamaica Court p = Col.-Ind. Exhibition, 1886. Mr. Gray did good work in planning, layin à “fully planting what was a half-filled swamp Pid it first came into his but which in three bong time he transformed into a beautiful garden, which, though small, is an ornament to the town, and a much appreciated resort and bre ati E ca for the townspeople. He intro- duced many varieties of plants and flowers, and the collection of roses at the station was at one time perhaps the finest in the West Indies. Inthe matter of economie plants he raised and distributed thousands of cacao, coffee, n nutmegs, a few cola and sisal. n the whole, from one cause or other, the economie section of the station was not so apparent a success ‘latterly as the purely horticultural.”

number were drawn rae E flowered a gsoni, one of the handsomest magnoliaceous nun from dio Himalayan region, owered in the temperate house after twent vation. Aci

anthera eguinoctialis is an — plant inhabiting the Sugarloaf Mountain, Sierra Leone, corms of which were sent to Kew by Captain Donovan in 1893. Lonicera ‘Alberts is a pretty eae of the Aylosteum section discovered in M ars Turkestan by Albert von

egel. Acacia spadicigera is one of the few species of the genus having very large horn-like spines, which are mens: inhabited by ants. It is a native of Central America. yrtopodium virescens is

"T T E of the tribe Vandee, TNA Me.s by Messrs. Sander of

St. À

Hand- om of Trees and Shrubs grown in Arboretum. rt I— Polypetal The purpose and scope of this publication is explained in the following extract from the Preface :—

The present is the first of a series of Hand-lists of the collections of living plants UN in the Royal Gardens which it is intended to issue from time to t

It is hoped that dier will be found useful in indicating to visitors interested in A Erape of plants, the species which Kew already possesses. In the ds of correspondents they will serve to show in what directions the pom ey be added to. Jt is further hoped that they may be found of some value in establishing an approximate standard of nomenclature, which i is often much confused in gardens and too frequently erroneous.

his is ic the case with woody plants (shrubs and trees) ee in the open air. The preparation of the present list has -acco Nia been taken in hand; it represents the m A many years, . and has only been accomplished with considerable labo A rough census of the species and distinct varieties of "- eultivated at Kew Sabe the total number as, approximately, 20,000. Of these 3,000 : are har dy shrubs or trees.

^41 :

The st catalogue of the plants cultivated at Kew was that of Sir

p uu published in ae ae eee 1769). This was entitled us Kewensis, and was an octavo volume of 458 pages. It has been

marake to contain 3,389 BA of pase 488 were hardy trees and shru

-In 1789 the elder Aiton ses a more critical Hortus Kewensis, in aem a 535 species are en

he

81 volumes, P and in 181 catalogue or epitome, as it is called the species contained in the five volumes, for the use of practical gardeners; it contains . . 314 additional species, the total number being me! 3 This is the latest comprehensive list of plants in cultivation at Kew ubli

P

Occasionally lists of special collections have been issued since thes date. Catalogues of the Ferns were issued in 1845, 1856, and 1868 ; of the Hardy aiaa i plants in 1853; of Succulent plants i in 1856 ; of Aroidee in 1878; of Bromeliacee in 1879 ; of Aloinee, Yuecoide«, and Agaves in 1880; of Economie plants in 1881 ; of Palms in 1882; of Primulas in 1886 ; and of Orchids flowered at Kew in 1891. Since 1885 lists of seeds available for distribution with other botanical establishments have been issued annually.

An Arboretum has been for more than a century a feature of the Kew establishment. Perhaps it dates its formal commencement from 1762, when **all the Duke of Argyll's trees and shrubs were removed to the Princess of. Wales's ganien at Kew, which now excels all others, under the direction of Lord

The old Arboretum in 2 so exists near the main gate on Kew

Many trees have perished and have been removed from a bre those that remain include some of the finest specimens of rare trois e Gardens.” (Some further particulars are given in the Kew Bulletin for 1891, page 316.)

The Botanical Garden, which was opened to the public in e vj Sir William Hooker as Director, comprised only about 11 acres ; included however, the old Arboretum. | In 1844, by see e of ie

was d near the smoke of suburban London, and it has lost its distinctive charac But many of the trees planted at this time are now of "asi pis magnitude. The * Pleasure Grounds and Gardens at Kew” Atti in the oceupation _ of the King of Hanover for sporting purposes a the time the Botanic en iven to the nation. The Modi Y were filled with rough - scrub for cover. In 1845 they were placed in the charge of Sir W. sotker; with the “ intention that they should be formed into a national arboretum.” A plan for the purpose was prepared in 1846 by . A. Nes i

the general principle has been worked upon ever since. nursery was formed. In 1870 the new Pinetum was commenced. — . The late Director, Sir Joseph Hooker (1865-1885), spared no pains to amass the most complete collection which could be formed of hardy woody plants. These were obtained from public and private corres- pondants and establishments at home and abroad, partly by purchase, partly by gift and exchange. They had necessarily for the most part to be planted under the names with which they were received, and these, from confusion or accident, were often erroneous.

42

A great MÀ n arose in rectifying this, from the fact that woody plants ean rarely be identi with any accuracy till they flower oi fruit. The process of accurate (— in an extensive arboretum

is necessarily, therefore, a very slow

A further difficulty arises in a pëe arboretum from the fact that, though the specimens were all carefully labelled with their history and

specimen was preserved of every species or variety planted

out, with the name under which, and the source from which it was

received. By reference to this Herbarium it was possible ina large number of cases to correct the nomenclatu

By this means it has also been ponite: n draw up the list of which

x Ha nen is a first instalment. It must still be regarded as in some

—M— and — to correction. But it has m — to

uce an immense ni r of “trade” and “ garden’ , and to

bring the ems rr to vows nj like a standard.

It is only necessary to add that in the present Hand- List 994 — with 640 varieties, have been enumerated and their names as f possible verified. ‘The number of synonyms given is 2,127.

Flora of Mount Kinibalu—In the Kew Bulletin for October, 1892, p. 249, it was announced that Drs. H. A. and G. D. Hav iland had presented Kew with a valuable collection of dried plants, a ste by themselves on Mount Kinibalu, North Borneo. s a ma of fact, ee E should be explained, that although the two cousins b rsellod toget was Dr. G. D. Haviland alone who a the botanizin This fine Stadt has been worked out by Dr. O. Stapf, Assistant for India at the Herbarium, together with all prévibusly collected plants from the same region, published and unpublished, notably those collected

seco: (Second Series, Botany) of iem raserer: of the Linnean Societ

This is on of the m st important yar interesting contributions . to

re endemic. The rela- tionship with the Australasian flora are especially interesting.

Renewal of Heating Apparatus in Palm House——The Kew Report for 1877 yos an account of the remodelled apparatus for heating the Palm House which was put in during that year. Up till the winter of 1893—4 this worked in a completely satisfactory way. The temperature at that period was often severe, and the heating had to be pressed. this cause, as well as to a probable deterioration in the large iron

the serious ** bursts" which took place o on two several occasions o a very critical time. By the skill and. unremitting energy of the West staff of the Royal Gardens, the fractured mains were patched up,

the collection suffered no appreciable damage from cold.

43

It had, however, become evident that the heating Voir had reached a state which was extremely pr recarious. Her Majesty's Office of Works therefore included, in the estimates for 1894-5, a sum of

1,0004. for its partial renewal. . During the summer of that year this was vitat iotory accomplished for the north wing. The. ceiling of the furnace room was raised 21 ft., and E the pipes which had hitherto either been buried in brickwork or carried under the beds, were renewed and re-arranged so as to be immediately accessible.

These operations involved clearing a large portion of the north wing. The opportunity was therefore taken to execute other necessary repairs, and to repaint the whole of the interior

Th ength of Mwst pipes in the Palm House has been

r about miles. Notwithstanding, it has «Nye t den difficult to "iétitufn a vibe temperature in the north wing during winter. This was espec ially the case during wind, the cold air forcing its way through the * laps" of the glass, which necessarily fit imperfectly, owing to the curved surface of the house. To counteract this, and avoid the necessity of a the boilers in severe weather, an additional 4 in. pipe was earried r Aa entire north balf of the house and attached to a new auiem ue

In 1877 a hot-water pipe was carried round the gallery, * the heat

checks the drip and downward draughts, which had long proved so injurious to the plants." This had proved so satisfactory in working that it was determined last year to extend the principle, and a 2} in. pipe was, in addition to. the lower auxiliary pipe, carried round the inside of the lantern of the north end.

he general result of these iraprovements has been to render it possible to attain, during the E yrs a OA and sufficient tem ee end in : du^ impra ^b .- The hole of the works XY. Pitinienddus of the resident itani CAE of po Mas Mr. J. "lén

Green-glass in Plant-houses. —It is well known that the use of glass of a green tint has for half a century been a characteristic peculiari rity of the plant-houses at Kew

It was adopted as the result of re reports rts made to the Office of Woods

in 1845-6 by the late apaes Robert Hunt, F.R.S. These reports are to bè found i in the appendix to his “ Researches on A ác: el ed. “re ee

“states (p. tie —* [t is required, aecordin letter of the 23rd of November, that a maree raa rapa fot the pone À— Kew, *so much stained as will died the — of its and not affect the vegetation.” Green

green, ipe but will obstruct the passage of those rays which i. m the ‘scorching’ desired to be avoided." He further adds 81): *1 have et ai a glass which is so slightly tinted as to present no appearance, by either reflected or transmitted light, mate- rially different from the white sheet glass eds employed for glazing

ew. . . . This glass admits most freely the permeation of all

which at any rate of late years has been used at Kew is certainly ofa much darker tint than that prescribed by Mr. Robert Hunt, and is

44

probably coloured with iron and not with copper. Prof. Norman Lockyer, C.B., F.R.S., —— e so good as to examine the light transmitted by ‘it. He reports :— * Cuts off red and blue onde of spectrum — ma

“ Red-yellow reduced quite nine-tenths in inte

* Blue reduced quite nine-tenths in intensity.

* 'Tra vesci a fair proportion of orange, but most of light transmitted is yellow gree It “is pied that this is more severe than anything that was intended originally. But it is difficult, over a long period, without special precautions, to adhere to à standa rd. Mr. Robert Hunt (p. 383) stated that * the on iy abri sd which” his selected glass “ produces upon the rays of light is that it cuts off a smaller portion of the lowest red ray, and slightly diminishes the length of the yellow ray by increasing the green

]t is va known that the effect of light of different degrees of refrangibility upon vegetation is by no means uniform, but has important peeuliarities characteristic of particular parts of the spectrum. This is too technical a od to enter upon here. But it is sufficient to say that the green glass in recent use at Kew, according to the modern

data of Wageiaule physiology, gta about half the effective influence of ordinary sunlight on the processes of plant life.

~ The general effect upon en as a —- is elearly exemplified by the recent experience of Zacharewiez (Annales A Dee. 25, 1894, pp. 589). He cultivated — under glass of different colours with the cem. ven results (p. 58

Orange gave the maximum of veg E but at the e expense of the quality, : size, and earliness of the

rdinary glass gave the finest add érlient fruits

Violet gave the maximum production of fruit. but at the ‘expense of size, quality, and earliness

Red, blue, and green were all injurious to the vegetative development of the plants, which became etiolat

These results are, on the whole, in accordance with nA it is not, however, obvious why violet should be less injurious than gree

Of late years at Kew the object aimed at in the use of green gia: shi been attained in great measure by the increasing haziness of Mis sky, due to the sinoke produced by the rapid extension of London to the south-west. Theextreme obseurity of the winter of 1883-6 showed that no available sunlight could possibly be spared. It became obvious that for the future the plant-houses must be so constructed as to exclude as little of the available sunlight as possible. The use of green glass was therefore abandoned in 1886 in all the houses except the fern-houses and the Palm-house.

In 1889 the experiment was made of substituting white glass for

n in the east wing of No. UL. (tropical fern-house). This was the result of the observation of the successful cultivation by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., P.R.H.S., of ferns with full exposure to the light at Burford, near Dorking. The gr sn eas in the growth of the plants he mem soe 1892 a portion of the west wing was also reglazed

n the same and the new + tenipeends fern-house (No. IIT.) was iro eme Sidi: white glass. The resuli with the Gleichenias and other half-hardy ferns was everything that could be desired. As the result of these these progressi ive experiments, it has now been determined to See eerie M reinigitioneitupat: ax Kew.

45

direct exposure to the sun. vated with the aid of some shade tree. Filmy ferns at Kew are at once killed by direct sunlight. But shading and altering the composi- tion of the light are by no means the same thing.

The use of green glass at Kew involved a curious practical difficulty. It is almost impossible to obtain glass which is absolutely free from manganese. But the green glass which of late years at any rate has been employed at Kew, is almost certainly coloured with iron protoxide. Manganese is used in the manufacture, in the form of manganese dioxide.

There are no doubt plants which require shade and will not tolerate n the tropies > culti

finds that a specimen examined by him “cuts off, very slightly, at red end, and generally throughout the spectrum.” Ina specimen in which the decolourisation had been completely effected, he found “ no appreciable effect on any portion of spectrum to. the eye.” It had, in fact, become practically identical with ordinary white glass.

Yunnan Plants.—An old Chinese correspondent of Kew, Mr. W. Han- cock, F.L.S , to whom it is indebted fer several small collections of dried Chinese plants, has sent a further collection, comprising about 150 species of flowering plants and 120 ferns. The specimens are admirable, and often copious. ‘These plants were collected in the neighbourhood of Mongtze, or * Mengtsz," as Mr. Hancock writes it. "This place is

m @ cursor the collection that it contains a considerable sprinkling of undescribed ones. There are probably at least 10 new terns, a large number con- _ sidering the wide range of ferns generally. Among flowering plants a spicuous. It has primrose-yellow flowers with broad overlapping petals of great substance, and they are from " inch to 12 inch in diameter

o racemes of “rich red” flowers. A Rhododendron having very

The very large and distinct Rosa gigantea, Collett, is also

pos , among the plants collected. Some ot t be Mid in an early part of Hooker's Icones Plantarum.

Perim Plants—Mr. J. B. Farmer, F.L.S., Assistant Professor of Botany, Royal College of Science, South Kensington, had an opportunity of landing on this island on his return from Ceylon a few years ago, and

u 85826. c

46

quantity was Cleome brachycarpa. ether only eleven species of flowering plants were collated. E of ined Erin from the neighbouring mainland on one or both coast

Plants from Lake Tanganyika.—Mr. Alexander Carson has presented

a mig collection of about 100 species of plants from this interesting

ntry. It is estimated that 30 of the species are new to science, and

descriptions of them will appear in an early number of the Kew Bulletin.

ovelties belong chiefly to the orders Leguminose and Composite,

but des are several other more remarkable plants ee kem — a grass (Tristachya) with a singularly bearded inflor ,8

species of Gloriosa, several Asclepiads, and a fine gere es ef Tachia-

denus, a genus of the Gentianee, previously only known to inhabit

agascar.

recently presented to Li ;— Professor C: S. Png resented a copy of his Forest Fone of Japan; Mrs. prese sented the Letters of Asa Gray; Mr. artin Conway, Dm ga

by Lawes and Gilbert; from the Trustees of the British Museum a copy of Lister's Monograph of the M ycetozoa has been received; Dr. Gregorio Chil has presented De Viera's Diccionario de Historia Natural de las Islas Canarias ; from the aiithor E. Raoul -— two copies of Culture du Caféier ; from the authors, E. L. Rand and J. H. Redfield, the Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine; from the author, T. R. Sim; Sketch and Check-list of the Flora of Kaffraria ; and from Professor J. W. H. Trail a copy of The Little English Flora has been received.

Through the Bentham Trustees Kew has also been able to complete the sets of es publications of various foreign botanical societies. Amon the more in portant are the Verhandlungen der K. dre paa dara aaa Gesellschaft in Wien from 1871 to 1894 ; the Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, from 1873 onward ; the Abhandlungen

naturwissenschafilichen. Vereines zu Bren complete from us beginning; the Arbeiten des Botanischen Museums zu Hamburg,

commencement; and the pr bications of the principal societies of Australia and New Zealand.

Typhoon in Hong Kong.— Extract from letter from Blperitderdéit, Botanical Department, Eu. Kong, to Royal Gardens, Kew, dated Hong Kong, E. 16, 1

* On the 6th of this month Hong — 3 was visited by a typhoon which was the ‘worst experieneed for exactly 20 years. Our 1 were terri lin 1874, and now thev are again

d to a sce our /arge trees have been either Ul dope o iud à Djs aise es UDE. ór VES MES

47

tside ta Gardens the irena on the hills have come: thro E ecd e streets and roads have beet i

hoe "Most a tie the roads Ee streets were Mocked w via allen trees &nd broken limbs."

* Between September lOth. rg ndm 6th. we: seg to prepare for five typhoons which approached the Colony, but as the centres passed.: some distance south we had only strong eee” for four of them."

Meadow Pinme: Thistle (C nicus - pratensis, Willd) — The plant known as the M eadow Plume-Thistle, Cnicus pratensis, Wie arduus sis, Huds.) is a perennial, mi ma local in ch er,

found ra my cm omm in the southern counties of England. En is widely ved on the continent. The stems are downy and mostly single-flowered. The leaves are green above, cottony beneath, but not ae din The flowers are dark purple with the pappus dirty

certain part r go pastures almost worthless. There is no use to which the plant could be applied, and it is evident that nothing can be done except to get rid of it by persistent weeding before the plants flower each year.

Mr. W. Lane to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. Curry Rivel, voeem gat Jul 5 1894.

t this post I send ài a plant

glad to know. Within the ar w years it fas — and overrun a large tract of land in West Sedgmoor which formerly produced good pasture, but which is now in consequence worthless or nearly so orgrass-growing purposes. There is, I suppose 7 no COEM e in the plant or any extract. which " t be

is pronounced something; like * Tibi love" but although 1 I

am u :

nam have — to get at tho e origin d

m, m, &e. The Directo (Signed) W. Lana. Royal urinis; Kew. :

am Beans.—Information respecting the Yam bean (Pachyrhizus vec Apis Spreng.) was given in the Kew Bulletin, 1889, pp. 17 and 62 (with plate). An account of the Parii aoe short-podded Yam bean (Pachy itn angulatus, Rich.) w n in the Kew Bulletin, 1889, p. 121 (with plate). Both these yiii s are of interest. The roots of the former “ afford a plentiful supply of very wholesome food" ; while, according to Dr. Denn * the pods are a very useful vegetable." Of the short-podded Yam bean a starch is made from the tubers, or they are eaten when young = in the case of P. tuberosus. The young pods, however, cannot be used as a vegetable, as they are -€ and cause irritation. The following analysis of tubers and seed o ats rni has recently been published in the Report of arie icultural Work a

48. British Guiana, by Messrs. Harrison and Jenman, for the years 1891-92, p. 70 :— "e tuberosus and P. a ngulatus. —“ Yam beans." These

beans, when stare re being, in re poisonous. They have been used, r m very young, pese ve e ed as French beans The

—— Tubers. Seed.

Water se 5 Je = - 82:25 13°50

Fats - xs H - - "50 25°04

esin o+- - - - *13 2-14

* Albuminoids - - - E 1:05 20:94

os - z s 29 6*95

Glue z s - 26 -31

Pectose gums, &e. - - - 1°62 1°58 - - - 8*46 a

Digest fibre an we Tre > 2°14 12:20 - - *66 4

A Conf anes = - - - - 1:84 3°91

100°00 100*00

Prep os rappin - - - : *166 3°35

* Both the tubers and beans contain a poisonous resin, the latter yielding ov over two per cent. of it. This resin was found to be a very active fish poison. Apart from the presence of this substance, the beans exhibit a very high value as food. stuffs, much resembling in composition the celebrated Soy-bean (Glycine Soja).

ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.

BULLETIN "Us MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 99.] MARCH. [ióos.

CCCCXLVI.—BOTANICAL GARDENS IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the Kew Bulletin for January 1892, pp. 10-14, the change made in the character and function of the Botanic Garden at Ca ape Town was noticed. ‘This institution was ed onger x ea tamið Garden, but

at Kew. p Dorin ng his residence in South Africa Mr. Si published : work on “ The of South Africa, co: si

edd: (159). fee — the ferns and Ba nde with localities and tend notes," Wesley & Son 92.] More recently he has printed a “ Check list of the digened irek of Kaffraria.’

Consequent upon the Eds in the control of tbe garden at King William’s ‘Town, Mr. Sim has now left it, and accepted an appointment under the Forest Department

The history of the Botanie Gardens in South Kine shows that they differed in many ways from such institutions as they exist in other countries. The ind gardens were only partially supported by Govern- ment, and they had to look to receipts from the sale of seeds and plants to meet their current expenditure. e posit ion is described in the Annual Report of the Cape Town Botanic Garden for 1883, p. 1 :— ^ The garden is kept going mainly by the mercantile profits of the seed store. Its income, and consequent power to repair, rebuild, and

Conducted on these lines iu was. Hp that the gardens

racter w. equipped Botanic Garden, devoted to scientific work and carrying on agama cultivation, appears never to have existed in Cape Colo

U 86021. 1375.—3/95. Wt. 45. A

us... Tå FREI INEN

50.

Mr. John Horne, F.L.S., when Director of the Forests and Botanic Gardens of Mauritius, einitod the aint in 1883. His impressions of the Botanic Gardens were as follow

“ When in Africa I travelled from Algoa Bay overland to Cape Town by post cart and train. I visited all the Botanic Gardens at the Cape, namely, Port Elizabeth, Graham’s Town, and Cape Town. They, in many respects, are most ditsppointngs being Botanie Gardens merely in name. The directors and curators are not to blame for this, but e gardens have to justify their ppr and support themselves by t ts. They are simply nursery establishments, and the sock on hand generally speaking is such as one finds i m - nurseries at home, stove or tropical plants excepted. They seem supply a want, the Graham's Town one especially, in supplying the saline with flowers, shrubs, and useful fruiting and flowering trees. Should, however, a stranger like myself, wish to see African plants he need not look in these gardens for them. There ar pas not many of them in any of these an V find them.

introduced, grown and propagated with so much pains and trouble. And many of them are far more interesting from their dois d m aee and as botanical curiosities (if ae may use the expression) th o be found in any other country, the Cacti of Mexico perhaps Misit. 4

The Cape Gardens — hither had little to do with the pecori and distribution of eco c plants or the dissemina ation. of informa acapetting such subjects “for the use of the general community.

What has been attempted in this direction was owing entirely to the personal efi of- the curators. The following extract from Professor MacOwan’s. Report for 1883, pp. 3-4, shows how much more might have been sccaipliched if the funds at his command had allowed :—

* The garden has been able to supply many demands made upon it by similar institutions at home and abroad and numerous private collectors, for things scarcely in the usual run of trade supply, partly gratis and partly by sale. ‘Thus duplicate palms and other fine conservatory plants have been furnished to the Port Elizabeth Park Committee, vine-cuttings

on a large scale for experimental viticulture in the Transkei, seeds of Cinchona, ledgeriana to most of the Cape Botanic Gardens, Olives, Reana, and Sor NM m E private planters, Several enterprising cultivators are now, at our suggestion, trying to a Den the thornless Opuntia and the d iie in Namaqualand, Angra Pequena, and else where. I think these excellent food plants have fot received the attention they deserve. Of course they are special food eet suited to special localities, and do not come into competition with the ordinary veldt-bosjes and grass wherever the climatic conditions permit the usual pasturage, But I am sure that should the spek-boom be incapable of aeclimatisation on the sun-smitten randts of teeta ondasit the Opuntia be grown in vast thickets at the junction of rock and sand veldt, compressed hay for trek-cattle. Such culture throughout all karroid districts of the Colony subject to frequent failure of seasonable rains is far more important than the introduction of any more of the fancy staples which are from time to time proposed, praised,and forgotten, : d which have given point to the proverbial sneer that “the Cape i country of samples.” I wish it could be added that these supplies p Others to to the Government Forest Department were all made gratis.

51

MIU AK x garden has £o sell in order to live, We have therefore to demand money for exaetly those things which are raised for

ance, and know nothing of the perpetual fight against insolvency which we share with the small shop-keeper.

“ The demand for information on points of culture and introduction of new experimental plants is incessant. A few of these inquiries have reached us through the Government, and have been dealt with in quasi- official reports, but the mass of them come in the ordinary correspondence of the garden, and absorb a great amount of time without any return. Inquirers are often inconsiderate. Sometimes several letters involving research are required, our advice is taken, and is carried out at a rival seed store. We have not the right of franking such correspondence, and almost invariably have to pay the postage for our pains. It is a pity that the bulk of the inquiries shows a tendency to try tropical d sub-tropical cultures for which the climatic conditions of the Ca: prohibitive, and the available labour too high priced. Cacao, MUR TODE, ginger , opium, , tea, Furcrea fibre, Phormium and rice ; upon

e like speculation has been rife. I wish there were the same curiosity about ascertaining the special fitness of this or that variety of wheat, barley, or mai " for this or that soil, or about originating improved strains of potato from cn meas Nae in fact, which will result in produce — than in samples. Occasionally important matters have turned up in course of corre endisse. or example, the occurrence of the destructive Cuscuta T'rifolii, Bab., or * Dodder,’ among colonial crops of Lucerne has been sign This mischief is, no doubt, a result of the importation of cheap "tinsifted seed, Whether the measures earnestly pressed upon the cultivators will be

ied as to the extirpation of the pest remains to seen. In view

of the value of Lucerne to the ostrieh-farming industry, and the swift a i of the crop by the parasite, should it become Mata, I am of opinion that a stringent Act for the extirpation of amie is more needed than that against the Xanthium spinosum. In case of the latter, legislation perhaps sharing the gd blindness of Quse, i i iled to

denounce the smaller yet more mischievous Echinospermum, or * earrot seed ’ of the farmers, the sronimehan apk of Page borne b

for its appearance. Being poe from Europe i in ER seed, it may appear sporadically in any part of the Colony."

At the present Opes Cape Colony is the only important British ion which does not possess a fully equipped Botanical Institution.

It is true it SS Fi fine colonial herbarium under the compétent charge of Professor MacOwan and an agricultural department which he efficiently advises on botanical subjects. But beyond this it has no central authority dealing with the practical aspects of the science of botany, and no gardens under technical control where careful experi-

A 2

52 mental cultivation could be carried on or where special seeds and plants could be obtained for starting new industries, This condition of affairs is scarcely demde to a large and wealthy community like that at the Cape. The n gardens now established in the more important centres of bajulatida i in Cape Colony are likely to be useful as breathing spaces, and as emen adjunets to publie buildings. As pur urely

call them Botanic gardens, and it is as well that the name was changed and their proper character officially recognis mething, however; more than an “ornamental garden, dotted here and there, is ; required i in South Africa, = central establishment in the A nahan of Cape Town doro ed the scientific study and experimental eultivation of plants, fully i anbed to discharge its studies asa national re on the lines of Kew, would alone be worthy of the cin ES South Africa. of E. of the world is one of extreme interest. It Loans to D carefully and exhaustively studied, and numerous plants, now in danger of becoming extinct, should be preserved in some central spot for the observation mee tudents. Of the economie influences of such a central institution it idm to enlarge. There are hundreds of problems connected with the cultivation of industrial plants in South Africa awaiting solution, and these could only be dealt with at an institution s lly dev: oted. to. scientific research, where careful trials could be conducted extending over many years. As affording the most recent eee on the subject, the following letter received from Mr. Thomas R. Sim, on resigning charge of the King William’s Town Garden, is "eproduee ced :—

Curator, Botanic GARDEN, Kina Wirrraw's Town, to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.

Botanic Garden, King William's Town, Dnsan Sim, une 30, 1894 I HAVE to thank you for seeds received some time ago, but since I last wrote on Since then we have been cm but gradually pro- gressing with the arrangements—of which I have spoken to you ever

Corporation, and now that early accomplished. The garden will then become like those of Port. Elizabeth and Cape Town, a Howa garden

hat one more of the Botanic imo uch, passing “a of Glenn, and taking the name and char "acm riria would have better suited it for the greater part of its existence. . Indeed, what we are in want of most is one really good botanical and tal garden f for the Colony, equipped so that it shall not have part of its

j ce, and then allow each town to , public ei or whatever the local éireum-

58 any end ‘vours | rm fie me a um the experimental side of this etait z ; ot iit

stultified by the care of a swimming bath, on which we have lost 9001. dur uring the past nine years or so during tik! it has existed.

The transfer will be effected in about, two months time, and as T could not see any prospect of the place being worth holding, or of its RAT any opportunity for good work, I have accepted an- ap intment in the Forest Department, in charge of the nurseries and plantations it "Pott Cunynghame, by Do hne, which will be my address after September 1. The plantation is the most. extensive Fd in the Colony, extending at present to about 1000 acres, and it is proposed to extend this to two or

h

encouragement of tree planting, "ith young trees in large quantity. Also here are grown the vines 3mported by Government as Phylloxera proof or as stocks, and in various other ways the establishment is being made one of much public utility. The plantation is situated about 40 miles from was further mland, and at an altitude of 2000 to 4000 feet, so I expect it ^ Poo verom more healthy for my family than King William' Town

I enclose a ee of Microstephium, a white-leaved pant whieh may be of use along the south coast of England in bedding wo

(Signed) Tos. RK. Sut.

- CCOCXLVIL. — DECADES KEW ENSES.

p rE a Novancit IN HERBARIO Hort: REon CONSERVATARUM.

DECAS XIV.

The following Decade is devoted E new species of ferns ees in the interesting collection made in Yunnan, Western China, by Hancock, F. i S., already referred to in the Kew. Bulletin (1895, page 45).

ES Dawellis c t lcl Baker | Filices | : rhizomate

viter repenti, paleis. basalibus lineari-subulatis sordide brunneis, siiis contiguis elongatis deri nudis castaneis, frondibus oblon toideis parvis decompos Bios viridibus modice firmis, meee lanceolatis ‘bail inferiori e neato-truncatis inferioribus haud

eti tis ultimis linearibus uninerviis dissitis ereoto-Détefi, soris oblongis ad vel infra apicem segmentorum ultimorum costalibus, indusio transversaliter oblongo lato glabro membranaceo persistente.

PUT asc ei crevices of rocks near Mongtse, alt. 6000 feet, each, 105 cues 1-4 poll. longi. eget 2-4 poll longa, deorsum 11-2 lata, Meses ultimis 1 lin etty little species, with iid habit of a Darea, perit: allied io Duvalle Clarka, Baker, which has also been found in Yunna

54

132. Cheilanthes CEucheilanthes) Rd ui d [Filices] ; paleis basalibus tipitibus el fragilibus castaneis supra basin nudis, frondibus deltoideis glabris mies feeb poeftis DEUS viridibus, rachibus castaneis nudis, pinnis infimis reliquis multo

ajoribus dimidio inferiori valde producto, segmentis ultimis oblongis obtusis erecto-patentibus, soris contiguis, indusio membranaceo glabro biculari vel oblon iq:

Habitat.— Yunnan, in shady glens near Mongtse, Hancock, 63.

idi 4—10 poll. longi. Lamina 5-6 poll. longa et lata.

termediate between the common ‘Tropical mer C. tenuifolia, Hen and the Japanese C. Brandtii, Franch. et Sava

33. Cheilanthes rum, i tud albofusca, Baker | Filices] ; paleis, basalibus laneeolatis firmis eastaneis, stipitibus elongatis gracillimis nudis eastaneis, frondibus fictis parvis deltoideis tripinnatifidis facie viridibus

albo-ceraceis, pinnis infimis reliquis multo majoribus dimidio inferiori valde produetis, segmentis ultimis oblongis erecto- patentibus, sori te eae ee indusio lato brunneo continuo glabro persis-

TA —Yunnan crevices of rocks near — alt. 5700 feet, Hancock, 126.

Stipites 1-8 poll. long. inia 2-3 poll. Mg et lata, segmentis ultimis 4—1 lin. latis.

A pretty little silver fern, intermediate between C. farinosa and C. argentea. Wealso have specimens, collected in Yen by Delavay.

134. Polypodium (Phegopteris) dissitifolium, Baker [Filices] ; Calsis basalibüs magnis lanceolatis membranaceis ferrugineis, stipitibus nudis elongatis s stramineis, frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis bipinnatifidis

viridibus, pinnis lanceolatis caudatis

rofunde pinnatifidis inferioribus haud reductis brevissime petiolatis,

pinnulis oblongis dentatis, venis pinnatis yenulis jugis simplicibus

Srocto-patentibus, soris marginalibus confertis parvis globosis super- ficialibus

Habitat.—Yunnan, in à deep ravine near Mongtse, Hancock, 45.

Stipites pedales et ultra. Lamina en eorsum 5-6 poll. lata, pinnis inferioribus basi 4—5 lin. lat

Near the Tropical African P. ioi ac Desv.

185. Polypodium (Phegopteris) apicidens, Baker | Filices]; paleis basa- libus 1 gir , Stipitibus elongatis gracillimis

£x <i. ee |

tiene ue viridibus glabris, pinnis €— caudatis profunde pinnati- fidis inferioribus haud reductis brevissime petiolatis, venis pinnatis venulis 6-8 jugis simplicibus, soris parvis globosis superficialbus intra- marginalibus

`- Habitat.—Yuunan, in deep shady glens near Mongtse, Hancock, 87. Stipites id CREE ans 8-12 poll. longa, 3—6 poll. mci pinnis inferioribus 5-6

ae $ GENE SEEKS.

bub ae at son

. 88 6. Polypodium (Phegopteris) ‘spheropteroides, iic s ;

stipitibus elongatis stramineis paleis deflexis ovatis brunn b naceis vestitis, frondibus E deltoideis decompositis vir ridibus sab: acy gp junioribus utrinque pubescentibus adultis calvatis, b ramineis, pinnis pi ndnfisins oblongo- lanceolatis, segmentis ultimis aae oblongis obtusis erecto- -patentibus, venis in segmentis ultimis furcatis vel subpinnatis, soris a globosis superficialibus in segmentis ultimis sepissime solitar

Habitat.—Yunnan; forests of -— Great Blaek Mountains, near Mongtse, alt. 8500 feet, Hancock, 1

* Frondes 5-7 pedales." Pinne infimw 15-18 poll. Jonge, 5-6 poll. late, pinnis 15-18 lin. latis, segmentis ultimis } lin. latis

A large finely-cut plant, allied to P. ornatum, Wall.

137. Polypodium (Phymatodes) macrospherum, Baker [Filices] ; rhizomate late repenti calvato, stipitibus brevibus nudis, frondibus lanceolatis simplicibus subcoriaceis facie viridibus nudis regis demens

n rati

venis primariis gracilibus flexuosis intra marginem decidus, versis

intermediis copiose anastomosantibus, soris magnis <a marginalibus SujéPüginlibus supra medium lamine presertim product

Habitat.—Y unnan, on limestone rocks, near Mongtse, alt. 6200 feet, Hancock, 49.

Stipites 1-6 poll. longi. Lamina pedalis vel ben) GU medio 12-15 lin. lata

Near P. ongifolisi Mett. aud P. —

138. Polypodium (Phymatodes) subimme Baker ; [Filices] ; rhizomate breviter repenti, d stibgsesttibus contiguis linearibus integris glabris viridibus subcoriaceis e medio ad basin et apicem sensim attenuatis, venulis i iugis occultis veg tibus, soris su ersis oblongis vel globosis marginalibus vel leviter intermarginalibus remotis inter costam et marginem uniseriatis.

Habitat.—Yunnan, on the Great Black Mountains, on trunks of trees, alt. 9000 feet, Hancoek, 9

Lamina pedalis vel ca i medio 5-6 lin. lata. Nearly allied to the Australian and Polynesian P. Zrownii, Wickst.

139. Polypodium (Phymatodes) griseo-nigrum, Baker ; ‘[Bilices}; ; rhizomate repenti, paleis dense imbricatis lanceolatis firmulis sordide brunneis, stipitibus c elongatis nudis eastaneis, frondibus coriaceis glabris oblo ongis parvis simpliciter rachi castaneo ad basin angustissime alato, pinnis lanceolatis subintegris basi dilatatis deeur- rentibus fertilibus subobtusis sterilibus obtusis, M primariis nigris E ant Md ogg parallelis ad marginem reetis perspicu venulis ntibus, soris magnis globosis spe Hiicidlibus uniseriatis.

abii ARS, on grassy mountain slopes, alt. 6300 feet, Hancock, 6

56 * Stipites 8-9 poll. longi, Lamina 4-6 poll. longa, 2-3 poll. lata, pinnis basi 4-5 lin. lati : ; Near P. ebenipes, fis:

~ 140. Polypodium ( (Pleuridium) i , Baker - [Filices]; rhizomate late repenti, pa paleis d densis patentibt ł

stipitibus elongatis strictis mi stramineis, aun lanceolatis sim- plicibus rigide subcoriaceis facie viridibus dorso glaucescentibus, veni primariis perspicuis eretto- riteni biS intra mar arginem diasolatier sanlis intermediis copiose anastomosantibus, soris magnis giobosis superfic iali- bus inter costam et marginem uniseriatis medialibus inter venas primarias

litariis.

bitat. m sre: on sandstone amongst grass near Mongtse,

Ha Hancock, 4 Stipites 4-5 poll. longi. Lamina 6-8 poll. longa, 5-7 lin. lata.

Very near the New Caledonian and Australian P. Zanceola, Mett.

INIG ee RS So Me os eRe 8k auis

COCCKLVIII.—-BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.

A scheme for carrying out the botanical survey ot India was pub- lished on February 26, 1891, by the Government of India. - It is under the control of Dr. George King ; ERS y CLE; ENTORN of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, who is Dire

Under his direction the publication of * pasos ds of t the Botanical Survey of India" has been commeénced and four numbers have been issu A

e report rt of à botanical tour in Kaenmic dering 1893 by Mr. J. F.

India, forms No. 3. ltis accompanied ty a map py ing the parts of Kashmir, Baltistan, and Gilgit visited by Mr. Duthie in 1892 and 1893. No. 4 contains the notes of a journey from Haveri to Kumta, in Bombay, by Mr. G. — Woodrow, Lecturer on Botany at the College of Boitiaoe at Poona; and of a tour in Travancore by Mr. M. A. Lawson, F.L.S., Government Botanist, ce im During 1893 the route taken by Mr. Duthie was from Rawal Pindi to Gulmarg and the Liddar valley, thence over the watershed by the "Panties pass into the Sind valley, and over Toji La to Drás. From Dras the route was along the little-frequented road to Gurais vid Tilail, thence over the Dorikun. pass to the Deosai plains and back by the same route. The following extracts are taken from Mr. Duthie's report :— ' Beyond the Me above Chatpani, Mr. Duthie states :—- __ “We had now reached an elevation of about 13,000 feet, asi as the

57

as the Kargeh pass, . The view looking down the valley towards Tilail,

is very fine, with inde ow Parbat in the distance. On the pass itself there was very little snow, and the turf was studded with brilliantly- coloured alpine flowers." (pp. 31 and 32.

“ At es lower and western end of the Gurais valley, where the river begins to turn southwards in the direction of Kanzalwán, is a remark- able feck ébisiosod chiefly of the white poplar (Populus alba) ; aud

the river (the left bank), there is a similar piece of forest... The tree are growing close together, and when viewed from the steep hill above, their tops present a level mass of compact foliage, a few individual trees

large size of the trees, their average height be ver fee r hell, who happened to be at Gurais at the time, kindly assisted. me in making s measurements. : The | specimen we could find

gives the maximum size of Populus aiba in India as 40 feet in height wad 8 feet in girth.

“The undergrowth « this forest i a param chiefly of a tall hand- some Senecio (S. chenopodifolius) and a low-growing kind of bramble. A few isolated nitet a of pine, e and silver fir are met with ; also Populus ciliata, two species of willow, Crategus Oxyacantha, Viburnum fætens, and Hippophae rhamnoides ; this latter forms large thickets a littie higher up the valley." )

The furthest point reached into the Deosai edm was ee mountain lake of Shersan, very deep, and said to contain š weather was abnormally warm for the elevation, and the visión was dried u

“I returned to Chilam- the next morning, and.on the following day (17th) crossed the Dorikun pass in a storm of wind and m and reached Minimarg the same Mei I halted here for a day to d

ground on the further side “of the strea The most €

discovery here was that of Pyrola eiiie, a species whic

been recorded for India previous to my finding it in the Astor mialy this

in 1892. 'The undergrowth in forest is composed chiefly of a variety of Rubus niveus, with T it tasting exactly like that of ihe raspberry, and of blick ira bushes with their branches bent down with the weight of the frui other kind of bramble (2. saxatilis), with scarlet fruit, is also abundant here. The natives call i sims n number of ARDES p mosses were collected here." (p. 36.

Among i the notes on some of the economic plants met with in Kashmir &hd in the districts of Baltistan and Gilgit Mr. Duthie mentions the following :—

“ Ferula jaeschkeana, Vatke; vern. mee coat (Sind valley),

hangwa (Pir Panjál).—A tall, handsome, umbelliferous plant, w yellow flowers, abinde in most of the em in Hanian This at was at one time supposed to be a source of ‘asafetida.’ It resembles

F. Narthex, Boiss., but has much larger Pe he plant is said to be eaten by sheep and goats

“ Ferula Narthex, Boiss. (Narthex Asafetida, Falc. )—Abundant in the Astor valley below Doian. I remember when on my way to Gi noticing this plant, only the dry bleached stems being then visible. "There is a specimen in the Saharanpur herbarium collected by Dr, Giles

58

in 1886, and probably from the same locality. I agree with Dr. Aitchison

a powerful a of asafetida. The plant is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t., 5168, and in Bentley and Trimen’s Medicinal Plants, t. 126." (p. 40.)

“Stipa sibirica, Lamk.—This, which is known as the poisonous grass of Kashmir, is very abundant in some of the NN M on the outskirts of the forests at an elevation of 8000 to 9000 feet. rip. urs also in — — of the Himalaya; and on the Black moun-

it of much sickness amongst the baggage Tobia aaen bei "andere of 1888, The direct cause of its injurious effects on anim as not yet been conclusively shown. Some attri- bute it to a narcotic principle inherent in the plant, whilst others affirm that it acts mechanically as an irritant, and is not in any way chemically poisonous. r. Aitchison, who has given much attention to the subject, and has witnessed many cases of ponies having been poisoned by eating this grass, believes that the symptoms are produced by some kind of narcotic poison. A common remedy in Kashmir for. this com- plaint, Dr. Aitchison tells Lun. is to hold the animal's head in the smoke of a fire, in order t a discharge frow the nostrils, after which dan erous symptoms poems and the animal recovers conscious- ness, on to this treatment, vinegar and sour apples are Me times given. The cattle of the co country do not of their own accord ea this grass during the spring and méitnst puta ioo Data Aitchison says, they do eat it. If this be so, it 7 — agape st the idea of the plant possessing only mechanicall roperties for during the autumn months the rough awns of cD ap rials: are fully dey eloped. np 43

CCCCXLIX.—TEA CULTIVATION IN THE CAUCASUS.

Experiments with tea plants in the Russian province of Transcaucasi have been carried on for some time. In the Russian Nouvelles t by the Board of Trade foureat Ae p. 174), it was stated that “the ea plant flourished on the western littoral of Transcaucasia, notably at

dimensions and arrive at full maturit ,producing excellent seeds. The climate of Western vem compares favourably with that of the south- east of China. This analogy consists not only in the equality of the mean annual temperature of the two regions, but also in the quantity of rain which falls there and in the period (spring) when the rains are most abundant, a condition essential to the growth of the tea plant.” It is added that a so-called Caucasian tea had been exhibited at the Nijni- Novgorod fair. ‘‘ This was nothing else but Vaccinium Arctostaphylos, a kind of tea from Koporié, which only served to discredit the future I— in Caueasia."

y the tea plantations in the Caucasus have been —— and

* the quality of the tea produced is said to be s rri d Crown Estates has appointed a Coramiseion which will include “the Inspector of the Imperial Domains in the

59

Cau to proceed to India, Southern ern China, and Ceylon, with the object Eo thoroughly examining ee M of tea culture and curing

in those countries. The Commercial Agent for the Appanage Depart- ment of e Russian Imperial Court has recently visited Kew to study the subjec

Seri ré remarkable statistics as to yy tea produetion of the world are given in a paper read by Mr. A. G. Stanton at the Society of Arts (Journ., vol. 43, pp. 189-201). In 1683 the total consumption of tea in the United Kingdom was 170,780,000 lbs., or 4:82 lbs. per head of population. In 1894 these figures "had risen to 214 941,044 lbs., or 5:53 lbs. per head.

'The remarkable feature in the tr aei is the na in which India and eylon have displaced China source of supply. Taking Mr. DIA 8 Eve a gi the piéporions of the total supply stand as

follo

aga China. India. Ceylon. | | | 1883 | 66 | 33 1 | | | | 1894 | 12 | 55 | 33

In 12 years Ceylon has pushed to the gun at first occupied by India, and this almost entirely at the expense

Mr. ton states :—'* The annual consumption of tea in the civilised world, exclusive of the United ea iM mt 250,000,000 Ibs. Of this quan uantity aay about 30,000,000 Ibs. are Indian and Ceylon.” It is

evident, then, that if Russian tea can be successfully placed upon the market, it will fats, in the first instance at any rate, to compete with China tea. The new competitor is not likely Meloni to affect British production.

As the experiment to grow tea in the Russian Empire e possesses an interest in connexion with the large tea industries of India and Ceyion the following particulars are reproduced from the report for the year 1894 on the agricultural condition of the Batoum Consular district, ak f forwarded to the Earl of Kimberley by Mr. Consul Stevens, n Office, Annual Series, 1894, No. 1481] :—

plantations at Chakva, near Batoum, pbi to Messrs,

opoff, extended this year under the supervision of the Chinese tea planters, who were brought over in 1893; a large number, about 600, natives of the Caucasus, are also employed in working on the plábtatfor" of this firm

fi a letter to the * Caucasian Agricultural News," Mr, A. Solovtzoff, who for several years past has been cultivating tea on his estates at no great distance from the lands belonging to Messrs. Popoff, gives a some- what interesting account of his experiences in the raising of this platit since the year 1884. He states that at that time his chief concern was the question of procuring tea plants for planting, he feared to order seed lest old seed should be sent, besides this the seed of tea contains a volatile oil in considerable quantity which, during a long voyage, edil

a be likely to evaporate, and thus the seed would have been rendered Sterile. Even the seed raised at Chakva requires the greatest care and attention, as excessive dryness deprives it of the oil, and too much damp caus2s it to rot. Eventually, — he succeeded in obtaining a few plants which

arrived at Batoum the month of July. 1885, together with some seedlings. ‘The aeu dL i of both jelt, much to be desired, as they s received but little care and water duriug their transit, and were to a

extent damaged by the Customs eibi who used quicklime for Who purpose of disinfecting them against the importation of Phylloxera. They were, subsequently, transported to git: and with as little delay as possible planted on his property. At first they grew badly, and all the shrubs dried up, but some of the E es took, and from these he was able to develop his plantation

The land chosen for the Sittin was a red ciayey soil, dressed with a thin coat of manure b = thoroughly rotted leaves and branches, &c. — -had fallen from the. After clearing away the manure the land dug hem = a depth ol of pom 21 inches and the top soil was Worked" to the b ~~ The séeds man in bin course of a year, and are gathered in the month of ber, at which time the plant also flowers. The seeds, after being

solution for some eir B A then put Wk into the earthenware vessels, after being mixed with damp earth. In this earth the seeds be

e

egin to shoot up, Rt pes are then transplanted into the nursery beds, the soil of which is the same as that of the plantation, but which has a certain proportion of sea sand admixed for the purpose of rendering it more friable. The seeds are sown at a distance of 34 inches apart at a depth of 12 inches. As soon as the young shoots make their appear- ance above e ground it is necessary to cover them over with mas in order to dini them from the excessive heat of the sun; but this protection ‘should be removed in rainy weather sd at night. In dry weather the

t

to contend, and they are most difficult to deal with, although it would appear he has found means whereby the ravages caused by mole crickets may be minimised. The methods which he adopts to attain this end are the annual removal of the nursery beds to fresh ground, and the burying in the nursery beds, in a line with the burrows of the crickets, -of grains of Indian corn boiled in a aures of arsenic, or, what is still better, a solution of corrosive sublima

The ghe ee pedea of the tea plant W. means of cuttings should be avoided, as a large proportion ob the cuttings do not take, but the euer objection i * that tt those do only produce very weak plants. 44

Now that he has almost unlimited supply of seedlings, Mr.

Solo” Aen testisflantinig only the stronger ones into the planta- tion. e seedlings remain in the beds a Whole year, and are then ‘Planted out 4 feet apart from each other.

~The onl only ‘attention Tn the plantation Das i is that it should be freed. from weeds twice a year. For the first year the young plants should be pro from ther Back he iu iM the Med of irees.

SW M: GL oda di. de eto

61

plantatio on. Up to the present, pruning, with a view to increasing c» erop of leaves, has not been n resorted to, as the chief object has been obtain as large a quantity of seed as possible for the multipliention of the plants. No manure has been used hitherto, but when planting out the seedlings this year it was intended to manure the soil with timber ashes

and refuse from oil mills. During the dry season, May and June, when'the heat is very great, the

S e ore, the young plants have to be protected from the sun. ‘The winter of 1892-93 was exceptionally rigorous, the frests being as severe as six degrees Reaumur, but neither the grown up plants nor the seedlings

with snow up to the very leaves. This result is particularly gratifying when the fact that the very Asi seedlings ure planted in a quite open and low-lying plain fully exposed to the wind, is taken into con- sideration ; when subsequently án Bat to the plantation they do very we

The plantation covers about five acres, and as planting has been carried on as seed has become available, it contains plants of all sizes, ranging from five years’ growth to one and a half years’ growth.

ts

planted out during the present year, there suficient quantity of | seed in stock to raise 40,000 more VAR. ae the quality of the tea is said to be goo

It is also reported that about 43,000 acres of Government Jand in the

lan- tations, and in connexion with this, the above Department has ordered a Commission, which will seite Inspect the einem Sa of this year, to In Sikia ina, and Ceylon, with ihe objet of thoroughly studying the methods of tea culture in those countries

a Be

Saas a DN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS AS A TEA UBSTITUTE.

- With regard to the use of Vaccinium Arctostaphylos as a tea substitute in the — referred to in the prec Spam article, the following note

contributed by the Director to the Pharmaceutical e Her jagi arch 21, 1885, is reproduced, to Bus the ity of the Lus

Mr. Holmes's note in the Pharmaceutical bats com m pp. 573-4) pretty well exhausts the history of this curious produc But it will be convenient to record in the same pages the few other fhets that have come under our. notice at Kew.

[n 1877, Mr. George Maw, F.L.S., brought from Asia Minor a small

sample of tea obtained at Broussa in vg Mr. Maw informed us

Het it was sold for about 8d. per pound, and he ascertained that it was made from Vaccinium Arctostaphylos (see * Kew Report,” 1877, p. 45). Mr. Holmes mentions on the authority o of Mr. Allen, that in Lazis and Trebizond it was first made in 1877; but in that year, at any rate in Anatolia, its use seems to haye been sufficiently. common to attract Mr. Maw’s attention.

62

The tea next came under our notice in me report by Coney Bee * On the town and port of Samsoon, and on the Circa the district.”* Mr. Biliotti states that the Ojai families « Ae large quantities of sugar and have introduced the use of tea; but there being a sort of native tea produced at Amassia and Tokat, the iio importation of this article from Great Britain does not exceed 1500 pounds.” We thought it was worth while drawing the attention of the Foreign Office to the matter, with a view of ascertaining the nature of this tea “seo pag Mr. Biliotti took a good deal of trouble, and obtained ni to Kew specimens of tea and of the plant prodücing it reir, and Tokat, in the province of Roum, and also from Rizeh in "Trebiz izond. Writing from Trebizond, he says:——'** As it grows profusely here wild on high mountains (not below an altitude of 500 eet, so far as I have been able to ascertain), it would be of invaluable advantage for the population to know whether the plaut belongs to the genus tea, and whether cultivation would improve the quality of the tea now produced, whieh lacks in flavour. This may also be due to the natives using unskilful means for drying the wet he tea sent has exactly the appearance and aroma of coarse black tea; so much so, that the Customs authorities insisted on charging duty

2 died specimens sent were identified by Professor Oliver as Vaccinium Arctostaphylos, without hesitation. He remarks that the plant is : ournefort in "his E Voyage i in diee Levant"; but though that tavole mentions the taste of the leaves, he says nothing about its being used as Mises an what Mr. Holmes says as to its use for this Bbrfith o ing a pract recent The Board of Trade, to hie samples of the tea were communicated, submitted them to Messrs. George White & Co., the well-known firm of tea brokers. They remark that common China tea, selling at 54d. to 6d. per pound, shows better value in every respect, and the admixture of the “ Trebizond tea ” mem Se reduce the cost, while it would certainly not eos its flay Th the aroma of t

of a decoction was pee an eed with no appreciable resemblance to that of true tea. I sent a sample to Dr. Schorlemmer, of Owen College, Manchester, who has paid some attention to the chemistry of tea-substitutes, Ledum palustre, belonging to the next natural family,

ricacee, yields Labrador tea, and it seems odd that two nearly related plants should be pitched upon in such — parts of the world for the same purpose, if there were no physio S ibn basis for their selection. But I have not heard wbether Dr. "Behorla mmer has detected any principle in Trebizond tea eee would account jade its GHarütie use.

Since the above was in type we have been favoured by the Board of Trade with a copy of a Bd ahaa (dated ‘Jeary 15, 1885), by M. Numa Doulcet, H.M. Vice-Consul, at Samsoo

I append a translation which, I think, finally exhausts the subject == 1. The tea in question became a commercial article in 1880 ; at first its consumption was limited to the country and particu larly to those districts in which Circassian colonies had been founded. 2. It is manufactured by Circassian planters in the ri nl OR

of Amassia, Tokat, and Horek, all in the province of Roum, at tance from the forest which clothes the mountain

-4 Commercial Reports from Her Majesty’s Consuls, 1884,” Part, I, p. 147, —

63

chain called Beldagh, and on which the plant which a the tea in question grows in great abundance.

_ which takes place within the houses of the Circassian colonists --— aper this industry, and who appear to be pretty

4. Théo a are qnem — of n that which yields the best quality takes place in May. About 5000 ocques (the ocque= 22 lbs.) are actually dier Mg annually, but this ve could be considerably augmented if there were occasion for it.

5. When fit to yield a crop the plant has reached a shrubby state.

to Samsoon un piastre, which s the price per ocque to six piastres in 7. The consumption is almost limited to the requirements of the

Vilayets of Sivaz (Roum) and Angora (Anatolia). Tt is to he town bearing the last-mentioned named that the Ed

rt of the crop is sent. 1881 gue pens WAS se France, but the transaction was not a profitable one. red further consignments to Constantinople also do not appear to have been successful,

CCCCLI.—DIAGNOSES n EN IV.

(Continued from p. 129, 1894.) _

phe plan nts described below form part of a collection made By Mr. A. Cass arson, B.Sc., of the London Missionary Society, and presented by him to Kew. They are from a place called Fwambo, Hed about 50 miles south of Lake Tanganyika, and evidently the greater part of them from a considerable elevation, as they are m and sub-tropical types. . Carson's labels afford no information on this point however, but as the level of the lake is given as 2670 feat above the d the plateau at 4000 to 5000 feet, with higher peaks, E is probable that these plants were from elevations of 5000 to 7000 fee

The following extract from Mr. H. H. Jo ái nston's account of the country (Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, xii, 1890, p. 737) is interesting —

** The ordinary route to Tanganyika, which I had now pioked- up in the Mambwe country, leads you up through the most beautiful gorge of Fwambo to and through the mountain ranges which look down on the south end of Tanganyika, The gorge of Fwambo is an exquisite bit of scenery. A beautiful stream dashes down in many cataracts and rapids through a deep but not very narrow gorge between precipitous mountain sides, and this gorge is filled with magnificent forest of a truly West African character, an ideal tropical forest with its immense umbrageous ‘on ~ grace ful oil-palms, its parasitic orchids, and trailing swinging

140. Oxalis iino phylla, Baker [| Geraniaces] ; acaulis, annua, foliis omnibus radicalibus trifoliolatis longe petiolatis, foliolis oblongis obtusis

64

utrinque dense persistenter albido-pilosis, pedunculo elongato piloso, floribus paucis umbellatis, pedicellis cernuis calyce longioribus, sepali oblongo-lanceolatis pilosis, petalis obovato-oblongis calyce triplo f - bus superne lilacinis inferne luteis, genitalibus distinete triseriat

Habitat.—VFwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (56- = 1894 collection).

Foliola 4-5 lin. longa. Pedunculus 4-5 poll. longus. — "Sepala 14-2 lin. longa. . Near O. corymbosa, DC. and O. purpurata, Jacq.

141. Oxalis oligotricha, Baker [Geraniacew]; annua, acaulis, foliis radicalibus dense rosulatis longe petiolatis trifoliolatis, foliolis membra- naceis oblongis vel ovato-oblon ngis obtusi sis utrinque parce pilosis, pedunculo crane 6 floribus ee umbellatis, bracteis parvis lanceolatis

revibus, sepalis Amante pilosis, petalis lilacinis calyce ed longioribus, genitalibus triseri

Habitat.—F wambo, Lake Tanganyika; 4. Carson (1890 collection). — Foliola 12-21 lin. longa, 9-12 lin. lata.. Pedunculus 4-6 poll. longus. Sepala 2 lin. longa. :

Near O. corymbosa, DC. —

142. Impatiens assurgens, Baker |Geraniaces]; perennis, caulibus simplicibus erectis glabris superne pubescentibus, f oliis sessilibus lanceo- latis argute. serratis basi rotundatis inferioribus a ons asm alternis, oribus ralibu parvis ovatis, labello albido concavo ore obliquo dakar pes evi gracili, petalis albidis obovato- quadratis, ovario glabro ad apicem et basin sensim ttenuato.

abitat.—VWwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (11 of 1893 collection, 15 and 105 ‘of 1894 collection).

Caulis 1-2 pedalis.. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 3-6 lin, lata. -Pedunculi 11-2 poll. longi. Labellum 1 poll. longum. . Petala 4 lin. lata.

143. Impatiens gomphophylla, Baker [Geraniacex] ; perennis, caulibus erectis glabris superne parce pilosis, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis oblongis acutis argute dentatis basicuneatis facie viridibus glabris dorso pallide viridibus ad venas primarias pilosis, floribus

axillaribus geminis longe pedunculatis, sepalis lateralibus Mn ovatis rubellis, labello infundibulari ealcare spiraliter recurvato, petalis. parvis orbicularibus, ovario glabro. e medio ad basin et apicem angustato.

abitat. IPW, Lake Tanganyika, A» Carson - ot 1893 collection, 7 of 1894 collection). Folia 2-3 poll. longa, medio 9-12 lin. lata. D 12-18 Ea: longi. Labellum 12-15 lin. longum -Near the West African Z. bicolor., DAS fil. in Bot. Mag. tab. 5366.

— 144. Crotalaria laxiflora, Baker [Leguminose] ; annua, ramosissima, glabra, stipulis minutis, foliis breviter petiolatis trifoliolatis, foliolis Oblanceolatis viridibus, racemis ^ is s terminalibus, bracteis linearibus minutis, podiceilis. —

65

ascendentibus vel patulis, calyce tubo obconico dentibus lanceolatis tubo longioribus, petalis luteis, vexillo obovato calyce duplo longiore, legumine sessili subgloboso monospermo glabro.

Habitat.—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (28 of 1894 collection).

Caulis subpedalis erecta. Foliola 4-8 lin. longa. Calyx 2 lin. longus. Corolla 4 lin. longa. Fructus 2 lin. longus. Belongs to the group Spherocarpe, near C. filicaulis, Welw.

$e Indigofera polysphara, Baker [Leguminosze]; fruticosa, ramo- ma, caule erecto angulato adpresse piloso, stipulis linearibus minutis, foliis simplicibus subsessilibus lanceolatis acutis rigidulis utrinque viridibus obscure pilosis, floribus in capitulis densis globosis copiose paniculatis dispositis, pedicellis brevibus dense pilosis, bracteis lanceolatis, calyce dense piloso tubo brevissimo dentibus linearibus elonga is, legumine oblongo Sinis dense piloso 2-3-spermo calyce sesqui- longiori.

Habitat.—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (70 of 1894 collection). Folia aint P longa, 3-4 lin. lata. Calyx 2 lin. longus. Fructus 3 lin. lon Near J. procera, Schum. & Thonn.; and J. djurensis, Schweinf. 146. Desmodium (Nicolsonia) tanganyikense, Baker [Leguminosæ] ; linearibus

By ttu m, caulibus angulatis dense pubescentibus, stip prea: foliis sessilibus trifoliolatis subcoriacei aceis facie viri ibus obscure " .

integro basi rotundato, ra cemis laxis in ange magna dispositis, bracteis minutis, calyce tubo campanulato dentibus acutis tubo squilongis, vexillo obovato rubello calyce triplo longiori, legumine lineari — breviter pedicellato articulis circiter. 3 longioribus quam lat

Habitat.—F'wambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Contos (27 of 1894 col- lection

Foliola 3-4 poll Sen eur pedalis, racemis inferioribus 5-6- poll. longis. Calyx 14 lin. longus.

Near D. senaarense, iE.

147. Mucuna erecta, Baker [Legumi minose]; erecta, fruticosa, ramulis is a ngulosis dense ad am pubescentibus, stipulis deciduis, foliis

osi trifoliolatis distinete petiolatis foliolis rigidulis oblongis obtusis utrinque dense adpresse pilosis, floribus 2—4-nis axillaribus, pedicellis Les cine

aite. recurvata geo 3-4- s ongiore, ovario iati rico "m multioy

Habitat. m i i Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (66 of 1894 collection). -

Foliola 2 poll hid; 9-12 lin. lata. Calyz 4lin.longus. Carina 14 lin. longa, Vexillum 9-10 lin. longum. Fructus ignotus.

U 86021.

66

cam dep oo m known e erect mec x the M; ——

148. Dolichos lupinoides, Baker. [emiro] s nnis, - ia tente:

b in racemo’ cies denso "dispositi itis, bracteis linearibus pilosis, pedicellis brevibus pilosis, goes piloso tubo campanulato dentibus superioribus parvis, inferiori lanceolato tubo longiori, petalis. pulchre purpureis calyce duplo oroia o ovario cylindrico aalok dense piloso,

Habitat. —Fwambo, se Tanganyika, A. one", (133. of. 1898 collection). "Caulis Racemiüs 6-9 poll. langus Calys 3. lin. longüs. Petala € Ties "olg vexillum 6 lin. latu ! "This curi us species has the dense raceme & a Lupin, B flowers in November, hd at that season the stems bear only a few rudimentary acte simplo sessile gasping ee leaves below the inflorescence,

“149. Dolighos pteropus, B abr [Ley umin ami; ; perennis, oculta 8 quete po tibus, stipulis lanceolatis rigidulis caducis, foliis simplici-

Bate a oan Beale vel emarginatis utrinque tenuiter } ilosis, pede ala lata foliacea apice semilunari przdito, floribus 1— sa in racemo laxo efoliato dispositis; bracteis linearibus parvis, calyce tubo campanulato dentibus aeutis tubo equilongis, petalis i purpu un f os 2-3-plo. longioribus, ovario eylindrico multiovulato dense pilo

jd Evam Lake Tanganyika, 4. Carson (94 and 117 of To gollec tion). .

"iCaulis pedalis. - Folia 12-15 lin. longa, ala betel! tlio. iy Caii à lin, longus. Petala 7-8 lin. longa. . . Remarkable for the very curious foliaceous wig of the petiole.

150. Dolichos xiphophyllus, Baker [Leguminose]; perennis, caulibus erectis pilosis, stipulis lanceolatis magnis rigidulis persistentibus, foliis paucis linearibus simplicibus ascendentibus subcoriaceis utrinque viridi- bus pilosis ad basin sensi us longe

' floribus pedicellatis, calyce piloso tubo obconico dentibus inzequilongis deltoideis tubo brevioribus, petalis pulchre — ealyce. triplo~longioribus, ovario cylindrico piloso multiovulato bitat. SOR sey Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (46 ‘and 7 1 of on).

. Ha 1893 collect Caulis ; oid Sesquipedalis. Folia 6-8 poll, longa, e 2-3 lin, lata.: Calyx 2 Te drei Petala 6 lin. lon Fructus ignotus. 73 iy zye to D. ae Sock; 5 in Bot, e Map. tab. — "n

- 381. Pentas involucrata, Baker Called; aie E — ramoso hi eri stipulis profunde laeiniatis, fol oppositis rigidulis rt c eolatis ad basin sensim "angustatis. :utrinque viridibus gl f an mgltiüorie terminalibus -globosis os involucratis, dentibus y terit pe

67

subulatis, cor rolle tubo. pug ii pane duplo; longiori, limbi: lobis Meis lanceolatis, staminibus ex tu

^ Habitat. — Lake : "Teig 4. Carson v of 1894 dblisetion n).

Caulis sesquipedalis vel bipedalis, Folia caulina 4—6 poll. onga. Dentes emi 3 lin. longi. Corolle tubus 6-7 lin. longus 5 bi lobi 3 lin. long

Remarkab ie 18% the manner in which the connate bases of the upper pair of sem are dilated s so as to form a € which encloses the base of the inflorescence.

152. Pentas speci iosa, Baker [Rubiacei]; annua, caule simplici elongato dense pubescente, foliis ternatis breviter petiolatis ovatis acuti branaceis gael pilosis | a viridibus dorso pallide viridibus,

libu

mem internodiis folio multo longioribus, is paucifloris termina confertis, bracteis tandedlitis foliaceis pubescentibus, calycis dentibus,

magnis lanceolatis foliaceis, corollæ t brupte dilatato, limbo pue rubello lobis magnis obovatis cuspidatis, antheris in edis clusis

Hab C f ike Tanganyika; pool 20 miles south of Niomkoto, A. Carson KET collection).

Caulis 2-3 pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa.. Dentes calycini 4 lin. longi. Corolle tubus 15 lin. longus ; limbus diu sua 15 lin. diam

Very distinct, with a much larger flower than in P. carnea, Benth. in Bot. Mag. tab. 4086, or in any other Species aiid known.

3. Pentas. confertifolia, perennis, . Pe simplici pubescente, foliis, in Pole alils eu ual okers sessilibus aanp Ra AuNON | eens linearibus vel lanceolatis utrinque viridibus pubescentibu cymis compositis densifloris terminalibus, bracteis scd pilosis, pedicellis brevissimis, ovario piloso - hese dentibus calycinis parvis lanceolatis, cořollæ tubo elongato cylindr Bici nac Tobis brevibus lanceolatis, antheris ex tubo exse rdi

Habitat.—F wambo, Lake “Tanganyika, A. Carson. G of. 1894 collection).

Caulis sodquipedalis vel bipedalis. ' Folia majora 2-24 poll, longa,

2-3lin, lata. | Corolle tubus 2 poll. longus, lobi 3 lin. PHP Near P. iiit; Schum. jot -eit We ce sect as why ye ce aes € ode xt k b. ow

154. aequom incid “Baler “[Rabinoer] ; annua, caule erecto ramoso pubescente, stipulis membranaceis. laciniatis basi breviter

connatis, foliis sessilibus MAASE vel lanceolatis facie viridibus glabris dorso obse pubesce , cymis paucifloris terminalibus, calycis dentibus. Vnceibus Corolla bere tubo cylindrico fauce glabro, lobis mn. tubo subzquilongis, antheris in tubo inclusis, fructu globoso magnitudin e pisi dentibus calycinis persistent ntibus coronato.

Habitat. aoe wank, Lake apse Ae Carson. 07. of .1894 collection). .

Caulis pedalis en us. "Folia majora 2-21 poll. longa, 24. lin, Mii: Dentes calycini demum 2 lin „longi. Corolle tubus 4 lin longus.:

Nearly allied to O. abyssinica, Hiern,

B2

68

155. Fadogia triphylla, Baker [Rubiaces] ; perennis, cata ecto simplici glabro, stipulis deltoideis integris, foliis ternatis as endentibus

viridibus glabris, floribus in cymis paucifloris axillaribus pedunculatis dispositis, pedicellis er en Sot, calyce glabro campanulato obscure dentato, coroll: tubo calyce paulo longiori fauce pilosa, lobis ovatis tubo equilongis, antheris ex tubo exsertis.

Habitat.—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (43 of 1894 collection).

Caulis pedalis. Folia 14-2} poll. visis 12-15 lin. lata. Calyx 2 lin. a “cobra tubus 3 lin. longus

Nearly a F. glaberrima, Schweinf. of Djur-land and Ff. stenophylla, Welw. of Angola. la.

156. Galium stenophyllum, Baker [Rubiaces]; perenne, caulibus erectis gracilibus profunde suleatis plus minusve pilosis, fo foliis 6—8-nis anguste linearibus margine recurvatis, floribus DE SIUE copiose paniculatis, pedicellis brevibus rectis, floribus parv albidis rubro tinctis, petalis ovatis acutis, coccis globosis glabris nigris is nitidis

Habitat..—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (1889 aide 40, 41 and 80 of 1893 collection). Nyassa land, J. Buchanan (770,

= 1364 of 1891 collection). | ulis — vel anes Folia 9-12 lin. longa. Corolla exin 1} lin. diam. diam.

Belongs to the section "Ys near the European G. lucidum, All. The numbers cited vary greatly in indumentum and length of pedicel.

157. Vernonia oocephala, Baker [Composite]; fraticosa, ramosissima, ramulis lignosi sis pubescentibus crebre foliatis, foliis alternis brevissime getiólitis oblongis vel lineari-oblongis obtusis basi rotundatis rigidulis utrinque viridibus pubescentibus, capitulis paucifloris ad apicem ramu- lorum paucis congestis, involucro oblongo bracteis multiseriatis rigidis pallidis adpressis pubescentibus interioribus oblongis vel lineari-oblongis obtusis exterioribus parvis ovatis, pappi setis rigidis albidis ciliatis, acheniis pubescentibus

Habitat.—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (74 of 1894 collection).

Folia 12-18 lin. longa. Involucrum 41 lin. longum, 2 lin, diam. Pappus 24-3 lin. longus.

Closely ps in habit the Brazilian V. nitidula, Less.

| 158. Bojeria vestita, Baker ME herbacea, perennis, caule foliato dense piloso, foliis subcoriace natis facie viridibus scabris

. dorso pallide viridibus pilosis inf erlóribts petiolatis oblongis obtusis basi intermediis sessilibus oblongo-spathulatis amplexicaulibus

iba ctw, m Tanganyika, A. Carson (30 of 1894

collection).

Folia inferiora 8-9 poll. lo 4-5 lata. Involucrum 12-15 lin. diam, i Piper Shi mes we X

pow

69

Habit of Inula Helenium. The genus is ct near Inula. Only two other species are already known, one from Madagascar and the other from the Cape.

159. Emilia integrifolia, Baker [Composite]; perennis, glabra, caule gracili erecto parce foliato, foliis caulinis alternis remotis linear ibus integris sessilibus ascendentibus, e capitulis paucifloris parvis pluri laxe corymbosis, pedunculis nudis ereetis, involucró oblongo, bracteis circiter 8 equalibus linearibus viridibus albo marginatis, floribus pulchre purpureis involucro paulo longioribus, receptaculo plano, a glabris brunneis arcte costatis, pappo albo molli achenio duplo lon

Habitat-—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson ani of 1894 collection). Lower plateau north of Lake Nyassa, Joseph Thomson.

Caulis Ex vel sesquipedalis. Folia caulina majora 2-3 poll. longa, 11-2 lin. lata. Znvolucrum 2 lin. longum. Achenia j lin. lon

Nea r E. graminea, DC. and E. ascendens, DC., both natives of Madagascar.

60. Schizoglossum co E Br rown [Asclepiadeæ]; caule solitario erecto simplici pubescent foliis erectis subsessilibus vel breviter petiolatis U E acu arginibus revolutis utrinque pubescentibus, umbellis 6-1 salibus lateralibus 6—9-floris, braeteis subulatis

lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis erecto-incurvatis apicibusque connatis marginibus replicato-revolutis utrinque pubescentibus, coronz lobis æ ilongis tr

extus basi transverse gibbosis intus E et A apicem cum dente parvo instructis glabris, antheris: inflexis suborbiculari - bus us terminatis, stylo apice late wanes Puit i 5-gibboso minutissime —

—Fwambo, south of Lake c amem Carson 17.

Caulis 2 fon altus, 3-1 lin. erassus. Foliorum petioli 4-1 lin. longi, laminz 2-2} poll. longz, 4-1 lin. late. Bractee 1-13 lin, fe lin. longæ. Pedi- celli 11-2 lin. longi. Sepala ala 14-1} lin. longa. olle lobi 3 lin. long basi 1 lin . lati. Corone lobi $ lin. longi et lati.

sib, Schum., but is at cüce da from those aid all ve known species by the tips of the corolla lobes being connate, as in some species of Ceropegia and Brachystelma. The flowers appear to be of a greenish-yellow. in

161. Xysmalobi um bellum, JV. E. Brown (Asclepiadex ] ; caule erecto robusto unifariam puberulo, foliis — cuneato-oblongis vel o et basi eun neatis apice 0 tusiss mis et min nute yore vel acutis

inatis vel subulatis Esdr per ovatis vel pei epm is acutis glabris, corolla magna campanulata fere ad basin 5-loba lobis late oblongis obtusis intus intense purpureis interdum luteo- maculatis extus pallidis utrinque glabris, coronz Jobis supra staminum

colum excedentibus erectis crasso-carnosis turgidis apicibus obtusis vel

10.

introrsim crasso-apiculatis dorso valde convexis ventro planis rae Rem ffi in ibusque ad apices alato-dentatis, antheris membranis inflexis late ovatis obtusis vel subacutis terminatis, stylo spe late — pentagono centro depresso.

Habitat —East Tropical Aftica: Blantyre, Buchanan 43; ena ands Buchanan 603; Manganja Hills, Kirk; Esvamho,: S. of: Lako. -Tan- ganyika, . Dansbh 62.

- Caulis ultra pedem altus, 11-3 lin. crassus: Foliorum inetsale 3-4 lin. longi, lamine 2-34 poll.longz, 3-14 poll. late. Peduneuli 0-10 lin. i 21—4 lin. longa. j

81—41 lin. longa, 2 lin. lata. Corolle lobi 10-13 lin. longi, Skal lin. lati. Corene lobi 13-2 lin. longi. Staminwm columna 3 lin.

This is similar to X. spathulatum, Schum. in general appearance, but the flowers are larger, the coronal lobes reach to the top of the ohkim or slightly — it and are different in form.

162. Asclepias amabilis, N. E. Brown [ Ascl iuel caule gracili erecto simplici sparse puberule vel subglabro, foliis erectis sessilibus vel subsessilibus linearibus acutis. margin ibis revolutis -scaberulis, umbellis 2-9 pedaneulatis 5-6 floris, pedunculis pedicellisque unifariam

late ovatis acutis extùs minute et parse puberulis pallide v e intus glabris albidis, ‘corona j^" Tobis" udo ^ m colu æ basin exortis et columnae apicem singes tentato ect pr cum dentibus parvis erectis ad angulos interiores intus dits basi truncatis, antheris membranis inflexis ovatis obtusis terminatis,

stylo apiee depresso-truncato pentagono. Habitat.—East tropical Africa, Fwambo, S. of Lake Tanganyika,

Carson, 35, 55. Caulis 1-13 ped. altus, 3—1 lin. s Folia 13-3 poll. longa, lin. Pedunculi 1-21 pur ongi. Bractee 2-3 lin. longs. Pedicelli 8-12 lin. longi. Sepa ei lin, longa. aigi UN lin. diam., lobis 4—44 lin. longis, 5i Tu atis. Corone lobi 1j lin. longi. ng»

Staminum columna, 14 lin. lon

63. Tachiadenus continentalis, Baker |Gentianes] ; herbaceus, enis glaber, caulibus gracilibus erectis simplicibus vel fureatis, foliis oppositis sessilibus parvis ascendentibus lanceolatis vel oblongo-lan- ceolatis, calycis segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis dorso carinatis, corolla albidz tubo eylindrico calyce 2-3-plo longiori, limbi lobis ovatis valde votó genitalibus in tubo inclusis, staminibus supra medium tubi inse

psc are Lake 'Tanganyika, .4. Carson (33 of 1894 collection).

Caulis pedalis et ultra. Folia hd Hin lata. Calyx 6-9 lin. longus. e meg expansus 2 poll, dia

his fine genus, hitherto s mE to be confined to Madagascar, | to t p Continental flora, Nearly allied to 7, Miu Griseb,

“164. Ipomea( (Orthi : ik ker [Convoliulaces]; ; erennis - caulibus - Subrectis ! pübsecotibus [s breviter peti tiolatis is integris facie viridibus pilis p eis longis“

71

vestitis dorso dense ‘persistenter -albo-sericeis, floribus ` pluribus in capitulo longe pedunculato aggreg: gatis, bracteis parvis linearibus; sepalis lanceolatis pilis ae — vestitis, — eM infundibulari ilyen: — longiori

Habitat. —F aib; “Lake Tanganyi iki; A. Olbrei ga " 1894 ódlétion)- Also collected 20 years ago by Captain Lovett C. ameron.

Folia 2—3 poll. longa, 6-12 lin, lata. . Calyx 3 lin. longus.

Nearly allied to the West Aran $ peine e

165. Buchnera quadrifaria , Baker HO eT. annua, cauli- bus gracillimis inet tetragonis labris, foliis caulinis paucis minutis linearibus sessilibus strictis erectis, spicis 1-4 densissimis oblongis vel cylindricis tetragonis, bracteis late ovatis acutis rigidis glabris imbricatis quadrifariis, calyce glabro rigidulo bractea breviori, dentibus lanceolatis, corolla. tubo cylindrico bractea . mulio longiori, limbi lobis patulis oblongis basi cuneatis, genitalibus in tubo inclus

itat:—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Cat on (100 of 1894 icd Lower r plateau north of Lake Nyassa, Foisph = aa

'"Caulis pedalis vel sesquipedalis.' Folia 2-3 lin. longa. “Rac 9-18 lin. longus, bracteis s lin. longis et latis. Corolle tubus 5-6 Si longus, limbus 3+4 lin. diam

Very distinct by its dander rigid nearly naked stems and quadri- farious bracts

166. Clsendenitean <Giusletodanicon) tanganyikense, Baker. iXerben: brit fruto, e erectum, caulibus dense puhsscent oom foliis oppositis acie 3

b lobis orbicularibus, staminibus limbo imis bus, Habitat. —Fwambo, Lake Tange A. c" vee = 1894 collection). nio. vated emiiimetios?s ' ne bg longa, medio 2-24 poll lata. Pa: aiat terminalis 2 poll. di aly 2 lin. longa. Corolle limbus 3 lin. diam. Takes. one amongst the wars flowered species, near the ilsbaniezs c. alestom Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc., ser, 2, Bot. IL, i

diei "Eyeidtéól sta verticilla Baker [Labia 3 herbaceus, rennis, caulibus alts s pu osaan, "doté parvis $ petiolatis. verti- cillatis linearibus vel lanceolatis dentatis utrinque viridibus pu centibus, racemis densissimis cylindricis, i

oso tubo brevissimo dentibus rigidis linearibus, corolle tubo e calyce breviter exserto, ibi parvis, superiori oblongo, inferiori valde concavo, staminibus inc

gl Habitat Ewaubo Lake Tanganyika A: Carson (38 E 1894 collection)

^ Caulis 2-3-peđális. | ia 6-9 lin. longa, 1-4 li Wn: mai. wen

6 lin. diam, Calycis dente dëmin Il lin. ca le "Corolla $ lin. lin. longs. leo EDONON

12;

A smaller-flowered species than P. parvifolius, with longer racemes and shorter calyx-teeth.

168. Pycnostachys parvifolius, Baker mL iom. perennis, caulibus ramosis dense pubescentibus, foliis ilibus oppositis vel pseudo-verticillatis parvis inte [moo "Ael lanceolatis dense pubescentibus facie sordide viridibus gore PH racemis densissimis oblongis vel subglobosis 3 piloso tubo brevissimo dentibus rigidis lineae sublatis corollæ tubo Sstt e calyce longe exserto, labio superiori parvo angusto, inferiori majori valde concavo, staminibus inclusis,

Habitat —Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, Æ. Carson (26, 34, 92, 103, of 1894 cocci)

ess penne vel Pipedelen Folia majora 6-9 lin. longa. Calycis dentes demum 15 lin. longi. Corolla 6-9 lin. longa

A very distinct species, with leaves like those of tlie common Lavender, and much more capitate racemes than any of those previously known

69. Orthosiphon Cameroni, Baker [Labiatz]; perennis, caulibu ae gracilibus - dense pilosis, foliis paucis sessilibus lance olatis obscure dentatis utrinque viridibus pilosis, racemis laxissimis, simplicibus, verticilastris paucifloris, bracteis minutis deciduis, pedicellis brevibus, calyce piloso tubo. ,campanulato, dente superiori suborbiculari tubo breviori infimis parvis setaceis, corollz tubo cal duplo = labio inferiori obovato superiori multo majori, staminibus longe exsertis.

X Habita —Lake Tanganyika, 4. Carson (81 of 1893), and E ears ago in his journey across the continent by Capta ws Cameron

Caulis a ess Folia 2-3 poll longa, 3 lin. lata. Calyx floriferus 3 lin. longus. Corolla 7-8 lin. longa.

Remarkable in the genus for its much-exserted stamens.

170. Plectranthus betonicefolius, Baker [Labiate|; herbaceus, perennis, caule tenuiter albo-incano, foliis paucis longe petiolatis ovatis distincte crenatis facie viridibus tenuiter incanis dorso al incanis, pedunculo nudo elongato, racemis densis simplicibus eylindtieis axi dense ncs bracteis m cuspidatis, calyce d rsis tenter eo-lanoso dentibus sub: æqualibus deltoideis, éobolBó pubescentis tabó calyce mates tógiol dimidio superiori late infundi-

n , labio superiori parvo, inferiore magno valde concavo, staminibus inclusis,

Habitat —Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, 4. Carson (64 and 79 of 1894 collection).

Caulis bipedalis et ultra. Folia inferiora 14-2 poll. longa. Racemus 3 poll. longus. Calya 1 lin. longus. Corolla 6-71 lin. longa.

171. Plectranthus modestus, Baker [Labiate]; annua, caulibus : gracilibus erectis ramosis pubescentibus, foliis paucis sessilibus .. lanceol isti i is laxi

supremo orbicu-

lari reliquis angustis acutis, onie tubo calyce duplo longiori, labio superiori parvo, inferiori magno concavo, staminibus inelusis

sHabitit. —Tanganyika plateau, 4. Carson (1889 relies.

C vix pedalis. Folia majora 14-2 poll. longa. Calyx primum 1} lin., fructiferus 4 lin. longus. Corolla 6 lin. longa.

Belongs to the section Germanea, and to series with cymes congested into umbels, so as to form a simple raceme,

lectranthus subacaulis, Baker [Labiate]; perennis, foliis tati

utrinque viridibus gla nigro-punc tatis, caulibus brevibus p end vel furcatis, ittis cadis S en is Mibi imd floribus in „spici simplicibus subdensis dispositis, bracte

calyce campanulato ore an ncato, etit pubescente tubo calyce multo longiori dimidio inferiori cylindrico dimidio superiori dilatato, labio inferiori parvo oblongo concavo superiori parvo recurvato, staminibus inclusis.

Habitat.—Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika, A. Carson (38 and 65 of 1893 collection).

Caulis 5-6 poll. longus. Folia radicalia 3-4 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata. - Calyx 4 lin. longa. Corolla 4 lin. longa.

Very abnormal by its spicate inflorescence, truncate calyx, and corolla tube longer than the calyx; also by its sub-acaulescent habit. Perhaps it should rank as a new genus.

173. Moræa ventricosa, Baker pnta ; caule elongato mon ocephalo, id

folio unico basali producto lineari glabro rigidulo venis un foliis superioribus practeiformibus "etulem _vag inantibus, sp magnis EA DN acutis i, Bod llis

i n abortivo, segmentis omnibus obovatis obtusis longe unguiculatis, xterioribus re